http://ijaems.com/ Open Access international Journal to publish research paper en-us May Social Cost-Benefit Analysis (SCBA) is a key evaluative tool used to determine the economic and social feasibility of proposed projects from a societal perspective. It supports national planning by guiding resource allocation across sectors. Institutions such as UNIDO and OECD have developed methodologies for quantifying social costs and benefits. This paper explores the emergence and application of social accounting in India, particularly in the aftermath of the Bhopal Gas Tragedy, which acted as a catalyst for institutional reforms. The Government of India, along with leading corporates—such as Tata Group, Infosys, ITC, Bharti Enterprises, and Indian Oil—have taken significant strides in integrating Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) into business practices. The Companies Act, 2013, mandates eligible companies to invest 2% of their average net profits in CSR, reinforcing social accountability. This paper analyzes current trends, frameworks, and corporate initiatives contributing to social accounting practices in India. http://ijaems.com/detail/beyond-profits-india-s-journey-in-social-accounting-and-responsibility/ Parvinder Kaur http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/1IJAEMS-10420259-Beyond.pdf This study explores the impact, challenges, and adoption of the Cashew Nut Processing System (CNPS) generated by the Philippine Center for Postharvest Development and Mechanization (PHilMech). The research utilized a descriptive design, incorporating interviews and secondary data to analyze user experiences within Alion Kapit-Bisig Sea-K Association and Samahang Kababaihan ng Conversion. Findings revealed that CNPS significantly enhanced productivity, product quality, and revenue generation, as users reported streamlined operations and higher-grade products. However, transitioning from traditional methods posed challenges, including technical skill requirements, maintenance efforts, and spare part availability. Despite these constraints, the system’s user-friendliness, cost-effectiveness, and positive influence on collaboration and efficiency facilitated its adoption among small-scale processors. To address identified challenges, recommendations include expanded training programs, ongoing technical support, and exploration of automation to reduce manual labor. These measures aim to enhance CNPS utilization, promote sustainable practices, and empower small-scale processors to thrive in competitive markets. http://ijaems.com/detail/impact-and-challenges-of-the-cashew-nut-processing-system-an-analysis-of-users-experiences/ Mary Grace Salazar Orlasan, Abegail G. Dela Cruz, Joan V. Milan, Mae Jennifer C. Opeña, Mary Ann M. Yandan, Jocelyn B. Cruz http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/2IJAEMS-10520253-Impact.pdf This study evaluates the preferences of rice farmers in the Science City of Muñoz for seed varieties distributed under the Seed Program of the Rice Competitiveness Enhancement Fund (RCEF). The study focuses on key traits farmers value, such as yield potential, adaptability to soil and climate, grain quality, and resistance to pests and diseases. The research aims to improve the alignment between distributed seed varieties and farmer needs by understanding these preferences. The study utilizes a descriptive design, and data were collected from farmers in barangays across the Science City of Muñoz using surveys. The findings revealed that farmers prioritize yield potential and adaptability, while pest resistance and market demand play secondary roles. The study emphasizes the importance of aligning seed distribution policies with farmer preferences and suggests enhancing technical support and sustainable farming practices to boost satisfaction and agricultural productivity. http://ijaems.com/detail/evaluating-farmer-preferences-for-rice-seed-varieties-in-the-science-city-of-mu-oz/ Jaycel M. Paglinawan, Shirley A. Magtalas, Rodeza S. Pascual, Clarissa R. Valeriano, Jennifer G. Fronda http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/3IJAEMS-10520254-Evaluating.pdf Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a complex brain disorder involving memory loss and cognitive decline. This review highlights recent progress in understanding how certain genes and brain pathways contribute to the disease. It also explores the role of plant-based compounds, such as curcumin and silymarin, in reducing brain inflammation and protein buildup. Advances in computer-based drug design and personalized medicine are discussed, along with the ongoing challenges in developing treatments that are both effective and easy for the brain to absorb. A combined approach using genetics, natural therapies, and technology may offer better solutions for managing AD. http://ijaems.com/detail/integrative-molecular-and-phytotherapeutic-strategies-in-alzheimer-s-disease-a-review-of-advances-in-pathogenesis-genetic-markers-and-natural-drug-design/ Harshil http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/4IJAEMS-10520252-Integrative.pdf The UAE has one of the world's highest net migration rates, and the number of workers from countries such as India, the Philippines, Indonesia, Australia, and the USA, among others, has increased significantly in recent decades (Burns, 2005). This study examines salary brackets for various nationalities in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), focusing on compensation structures and equity. The UAE's cross-border mobility has resulted in the interaction of people with diverse languages, customs, and ethnic backgrounds. Although diversity has been shown to have several benefits, including enhanced employee creativity and competence, this recognition is often found more in theory than in actual practice. Understanding how salaries are structured among different nationalities is essential for recognizing discrepancies and supporting equitable compensation practices, especially given the diversified expatriate workforce in the United Arab Emirates. The study analyzes differences in salary ranges, benefits, and employment packages among various national groups through qualitative interviews with HR experts and workers. The various nationalities in the UAE that have a significant influence on salary levels, which are determined by work position, tenure, and negotiation ability, would greatly benefit from the study's findings. The study highlights significant areas in which discrepancies remain and makes recommendations for improving pay equity, including modifications to policies along with greater pay structure transparency. Employers and leaders in the United Arab Emirates can benefit from the knowledge this study offers, as it contributes to the broader conversation on inclusion and equity in international recruiting practices. http://ijaems.com/detail/exploring-salary-brackets-for-different-nationalities-in-the-uae-an-analysis-of-compensation-structures-and-equity/ Trishia L. Pascual, Jose Conrado U. Matunan, Myla C. Ignacio, Leonila D. Tulod, Felipe E. Balaria http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/5IJAEMS-10620252-Exploring.pdf The upcoming wave of 5G technology marks a new age in digital communication, promising to boost network performance to unprecedented heights through faster data rates, more reliability, and efficiency. The evolution of beamforming techniques lies at the heart of this technical leap, as it considerably improves signal directionality and strength, optimizing network coverage and decreasing interference. Despite significant advances in beamforming technology, issues such as algorithmic complexity, effective resource usage, and adaptation to changing environmental circumstances demand continued investigation. This research proposal seeks to investigate unique beamforming algorithms designed specifically for 5G networks, to address these problems and foster an evolution in network capabilities. This study aims to identify critical research gaps and suggest a unique research trajectory focused on developing better beamforming algorithms by thoroughly analyzing existing literature and thoroughly examining current beamforming applications inside 5G networks. Using a mixed-methods research style that combines theoretical analysis with practical experience, the project aims to build a dynamic beamforming framework that is both powerefficient and highly flexible to various operating situations. This research is expected to result in considerable improvements in network efficiency, lower latency, and a better overall user experience. http://ijaems.com/detail/beamforming-for-5g-a-comprehensive-analysis-and-implementation/ Emmanuel Iyalagha http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/6IJAEMS-10520258-Beamforming.pdf This report explores the application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) in autonomous vehicles, focusing on their role in perception, decision-making, and control systems. The analysis is based on recent research and developments, highlighting the advantages and challenges of integrating ANN in autonomous driving technology. http://ijaems.com/detail/applications-and-challenges-of-artificial-neural-networks-in-autonomous-vehicle-technology/ Emmanuel Iyalagha http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/7IJAEMS-10520258-Applications.pdf This study aimed to assess the perception levels of undergraduate nursing students toward Simulation-Based Learning in Nursing and to examine the association between perception levels and demographic characteristics. A non-experimental, cross-sectional quantitative design was employed, involving 171 undergraduate nursing students from selected institutions in Vellore and Dharmapuri Districts of Tamil Nadu. Participants were selected using a purposive sampling technique, and data were collected using a structured self-report instrument based on the Simulation Perception Scale. The data analysis included descriptive statistics and chi-square tests for association at a 0.05 significance level. Results indicated that students demonstrated a favourable perception toward SBL, with 75.22% of participants reporting a positive view. The highest mean score was noted in the domain of Use and Effectiveness of Simulation (Mean % = 84.4), followed by Technological Integration (76.2%). Institutional Support scored moderately (68.0%), while Perceived Barriers scored the lowest (48.2%). No statistically significant association was found between perception levels and demographic variables such as age, gender, year of study, or prior exposure to simulation (p > 0.05). Overall, students exhibited a generally positive perception towards Simulation-Based Learning in Nursing. The findings emphasize the importance of integrating simulation into nursing education to enhance learning outcomes. Continued efforts are required to address perceived barriers and improve institutional support for effective implementation of simulation-based strategies in nursing education. http://ijaems.com/detail/perceptions-of-undergraduate-nursing-students-towards-simulation-based-learning-a-cross-sectional-study/ Sivagami.G, Vijayalakshmi.K, Victor Devasagayam. S http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/8IJAEMS-10620254-Perceptions.pdf The main objective of this study is to determine the relationship between various PSQ (Perceived Service Quality) elements and customer satisfaction levels in the telecom business. In terms of customer satisfaction, the Corporate Image factor serves as a mediator between PSQ and CS. The conceptual model and the hypotheses that were drawn from the literature are put forth. Members of the target population telecom businesses were used, and questionnaires were used to collect data. The relationships between PSQ (Perceived Service Quality) and CS (Customer Satisfaction) are mediated by CI (Corporate Image), according to the data analysis results. There was a significant correlation found between customer satisfaction and the PSQ aspects of Tangibles, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, and Empathy. The findings of this study recommend that telecom companies enhance the aspects of their service quality to raise customer satisfaction. Customers will become more loyal as a result, and businesses will be able to hold onto them for longer. A larger sample size may yield a more thorough analysis of this crucial issue. http://ijaems.com/detail/impact-of-perceived-service-quality-psq-elements-on-client-satisfaction-in-telecommunication-industry-with-perceived-corporate-image-as-mediator/ Nabeel Mushtaq http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/9IJAEMS-10620255-Impactof.pdf The objective of this article is to examine whether decision makers of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are familiar with the most common strategy methods. To this end, a survey was conducted among decision-makers (presidents, owners, managing directors & CEOs) of SMEs to determine their knowledge of standard strategy methods which were identified for this investigation as SWOT-Match, Competitive Profile Matrix (CPM), Strategic Position & Action Evolution Matrix (SPACE-Matrix), Boston Consulting Group Matrix (BCG-Matrix), Internal & External Matrix (IE-Matrix), and the Grand Strategy Matrix (GSM). The results showed that approx. 50% do not know any strategy method at all and approx. 60% have never used strategy methods in their professional life. This confirms the assumption that SME decision-makers have limited knowledge of strategy methods, strategy development and planning. In addition, the standard methods were evaluated by 2 participants for their suitability, and they gave an assessment of whether formalized strategic planning is helpful for the long-term success of SMEs. http://ijaems.com/detail/to-what-extent-are-sme-decision-makers-familiar-with-the-most-common-strategy-methods-results-of-a-survey-among-presidents-owners-ceos-and-managing-directors-of-industrial-smes/ Jürgen Klausmann, Monika Zatrochova http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/10IJAEMS-10620256-Towhat.pdf Green logistics has become a viable option as environmental concerns grow. Green logistics is the process of incorporating environmental concerns into supply chain management in order to enhance suppliers' and customers' environmental performance and, as a result, change the way the business operates. Green Logistics refers to as a strategy for providing services that improve the environment, economy, and social sustainability. Therefore, Green practices must be implemented from the very beginning in order to practice ecologically responsible logistics. This paper explores the concept of green logistics, green logistics practices or strategies that need to implement, and real world application of green techniques in the logistics industry in India. http://ijaems.com/detail/implementation-of-green-practices-in-logistics-sector/ Silvi, Deepika Singla http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/11IJAEMS-10620258-Implementation.pdf Understanding the gender-specific drivers of course selection is vital to ensuring inclusive enrollment strategies in Philippine higher education. This study aimed to determine if sex is a significant predictor in the selection of hospitality management courses in the Philippines. Specifically, it sought to identify the demographic profile of students, assess five key factors (strong interest, family and friend influence, educational institution, job security, and motivation), analyze differences by sex, and identify which factor best predicts course selection. The study utilized a quantitative-descriptive design employing weighted mean, t-test, Pearson’s r, and binary logistic regression. Results revealed that strong interest and motivation significantly influenced female students’ course choices, while job security was more relevant to male students. Although no single factor reached conventional statistical significance in predicting course selection, the strong interest factor had the most practical influence based on effect size. The study concludes that intrinsic and social factors outweigh institutional or pragmatic considerations in course decision-making. It is recommended that educational institutions and industry stakeholders implement gender-responsive strategies such as alumni mentorship, parental engagement, and job-placement programs to increase and retain enrollment in hospitality education. http://ijaems.com/detail/sex-a-predictor-of-hospitality-management-course-selection-in-the-philippines/ Kim Edward S. Santos, John Paolo S. Nagaño http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/12IJAEMS-105202529A.pdf Actually, a cropping pattern of any geographical area is keenly associated with its land use pattern, which is the arrangement and distribution of total cultivated land for different purposes such as forestation, cropping, human settlement etc. Late 2024, the total area covered by the ‘rabi crops’ in India indicated a significant contribution to wheat, pulses and oilseeds reaching 428 lakh hectares in which wheat cropping covered 320 lakh hectares; it was an increase of 1.38 lakh hectares when compared to the past year. On the contrary, the rice cropping area increased to 394.28 lakh hectares which was 378.04 lakh hectares in the previous years. Meanwhile, the whole cropping area in India was recorded at 1114.95 lakh hectares including all crops during 2023-24 with an increase of 6.51 lakh hectares when compared to the past years. As per statistical data received from a report by the Agriculture Ministry of India, in the years 2024-25, there is a remarkable change in cropping pattern in India. In the recent years, India has become the world’s top most or largest producer country of a range of agricultural products; dry fruits, raw materials for textiles, root and tuber crops, pulses, fish raised on farms, eggs, coconuts, sugarcane, and vegetables of various kinds, among many others. For the fiscal year ending June 2024 with a normal monsoon, Indian agriculture recorded production of wheat and rice as major crops recording a boost in the production. Meanwhile, lentils and other major food staples also saw a noticeable increase during this time. However, crop output in India is affected by a number of variables that have become quite predictable such as: the performance of the monsoon, the farm size, the input supply, and the accompanying government agricultural policies. As we know, three monsoon cropping seasons are widely recognized in India as: Kharif, Rabi and Zaid, which can be described as cropping seasons defined by climate. The Kharif cropping season occurs at the same time as the South-west monsoon and is particularly advantageous to tropical crops such as rice, cotton, jute, bajra, etc. The Rabi cropping season starts about October–November and progresses to the spring months, while Zaid is a short summer season following the Rabi harvest. The present research paper makes an analysis of cropping patterns and factors affecting it from 2015 to 2025. Moreover, this research is exploratory in nature and based on the secondary sources of data collection from different articles published in reputed journals, reference books and statistical reports of the Ministry of Agriculture, Economic Survey etc. To pace the study, the researcher has also used some observational insights. http://ijaems.com/detail/an-analytical-study-of-the-factors-affecting-the-crop-pattern-in-india/ Dr. Bandna Ranga http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/13IJAEMS-104202590-AnAnalytical.pdf