http://ijaems.com/ Open Access international Journal to publish research paper en-us July Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) achieves optimal spectrum requirements of 5G and future networks. The research work focuses on how to increase the absolute efficiency (SE) of the NOMA energy domain in the 5G network using two new approaches and a smart radio network. These methods use Massive MIMO, Simple-Input and Simple-Output, and Single-Input and Single-Output in a single cellular network. NS2 software was used for situations by distances, power placement coefficients & transmission power to test proposed approaches. Each scenario implies that users are using the Quadrature Phase Shift Keying modulation technique and operating within defined bandwidths. The performance assessment considers frequency selective Rayleigh fading, unstable channel circumstances & successive interference cancellation. Outcomes show that downlink NOMA with a single input and single output achieves the best spectral efficiency performance. Spectral efficiency increases when paired with cooperative cognitive radio network. The results show that SE is greatly increased by using MIMO & M-MIMO techniques. http://ijaems.com/detail/spectrum-efficiency-improvement-in-5g-network-using-noma/ Daud Rehmat http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/1IJAEMS-106202510-Spectrum.pdf This study analyses the impact of mergers on the share price performance of Canara Bank and Bank of Baroda. With recent consolidations in the Indian banking sector aimed at improving efficiency and competitiveness, the study examines key financial ratios—P/E, EPS, ROE, dividend yield, and D/E—before and after the mergers. Using t-tests, it evaluates the significance of changes in these indicators. Results reveal mixed outcomes: some metrics improved, while others showed no significant change. The study offers insights into how mergers affect financial performance and market perception in India's evolving banking landscape. http://ijaems.com/detail/a-study-on-impact-of-mergers-on-share-price-performance-of-merged-banks/ Dr. K Swapna Sri, Gattu Mahathi Goud http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/2IJAEMS-10720251-AStudy.pdf This study compares Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) of Union Bank of India and ICICI Bank from 2013 to 2023. It analyzes trends, causes, and the impact of NPAs on profitability using data from annual reports, RBI sources, and financial databases. Tools like trend and ratio analysis, along with correlation analysis, were applied. Results show Union Bank had higher NPAs than ICICI Bank, affecting profitability negatively. ICICI’s stronger credit evaluation and recovery systems helped maintain lower NPAs. The study highlights the need for improved risk management and digital tools in public sector banks to reduce NPAs and strengthen financial performance. http://ijaems.com/detail/non-performing-assets-a-comparative-study-of-union-bank-and-icici-bank/ Dr. K. Swapna Sri, Kottana Pallavi http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/3IJAEMS-10720252-Non.pdf A study on an initial public offering (IPO) of the Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC). As one of the most significant public listings in India’s history, LIC’s transition from a state-owned enterprise to a publicly traded company offers a unique case study to explore the interplay between market sentiment and financial performance. The study aims to determine whether pre-market indicators—such as the unofficial Grey Market Premium, subscription levels among diverse investor groups, and media narratives—accurately forecast the company's post-IPO performance. It reviews LIC’s financial data spanning the pre- and post-IPO periods, focusing on metrics like revenue, profitability, and cash flow, while also considering shifts in investor confidence and corporate Governance. Structured into distinct sections, the report begins with an executive summary to provide an overview of the main findings. This is followed by an introduction that contextualizes the IPO process and outlines the specific environment surrounding LIC’s market debut. The subsequent sections detail the study’s objectives, research Methodology, and data analysis before drawing conclusions that offer insights for investors, analysts, and policymakers. http://ijaems.com/detail/hype-of-uncovering-the-truth-behind-lic-s-ipo/ K. Sathish, Nara Ashwini http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/4IJAEMS-10720254-Hype.pdf This report examines the Asset and Liability Management (ALM) framework of HDFC Bank Limited, with a focus on how the bank manages its financial assets and liabilities to maintain stability, liquidity, and profitability. The study gains special relevance in the context of the 2023 merger between HDFC Bank and its parent company, Housing Development Finance Corporation, which significantly impacted the bank’s balance sheet, notably increasing the Loan-to-Deposit Ratio (LDR) to 110%. Using secondary data from annual reports and the bank’s official website, the analysis covers the period from 2018 to 2023 and utilizes tools such as comparative financial statements, trend analysis, and regression models. Key findings indicate consistent growth in equity share capital, reserves, net worth, deposits, investments, and advances, though borrowings and other liabilities showed some fluctuations. Regression results with R² values above 99% suggest a strong relationship between historical and current financial indicators, affirming the success of HDFC Bank’s ALM strategies. Nonetheless, the study notes post-merger challenges in sustaining optimal liquidity and regulatory compliance. It concludes that ALM is essential for managing interest rate and liquidity risks, especially during significant structural changes. http://ijaems.com/detail/a-study-on-asset-and-liability-management-of-hdfc-bank-limited/ K. Sathish, Ramgari Anusha http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/5IJAEMS-10720255-AStudy.pdf Financial accessibility refers to the ease with which individuals and businesses can access affordable and convenient financial services. With the proliferation of digital technologies, digital payment systems have emerged as a crucial enabler in enhancing financial accessibility. Digital payment systems encompass a wide array of electronic mechanisms, including mobile wallets, online banking platforms, QR code payments, and peer-to-peer transfer applications, which facilitate seamless financial transactions without the need for physical cash or in-person interactions. The research adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data analysis and qualitative interviews. A survey was conducted across various socio-economic groups to assess the adoption levels and user perceptions of digital payment systems. In addition, in-depth interviews with stakeholders including financial service providers, regulators, and consumers— were undertaken to gain insights into the barriers and enablers influencing adoption. Secondary data, including policy documents and digital payment adoption reports, supplemented the primary data collection. The findings suggest that digital payment systems significantly contribute to enhancing financial accessibility by reducing transaction costs, increasing convenience, and bridging geographical barriers. However, challenges such as digital literacy gaps, cybersecurity concerns, and inconsistent regulatory frameworks continue to hinder widespread adoption, particularly in rural areas. The study concludes by recommending targeted digital literacy initiatives, strengthened cybersecurity measures, and harmonized regulatory policies to maximize the potential of digital payment systems in promoting financial inclusion and accessibility. Future research could explore longitudinal impacts and the evolving dynamics of digital finance ecosystems. http://ijaems.com/detail/enhancing-financial-accessibility-with-digital-payment-systems/ K. Sathish, Sangam Vidya http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/6IJAEMS-10720256-Enhancing.pdf Geogrid reinforcement is a widely used technique for improving the mechanical properties of infrastructure engineering structures. However, there is limited understanding of the behavior of geogrid with different aperture shapes when used as reinforcement in plain concrete footings. This paper presents a comprehensive study that investigates the effects of five different aperture shapes of geogrid reinforcement on the load-deformation behavior and crack propagation of plain concrete footings. The study also aims to provide a basis for future research on the use of geogrid as reinforcement in thin concrete overlays. The five geogrid products used in this study were characterized based on their index material properties, and were used in combination with fiber glass reinforced concrete (FGRC) and normal concrete mixes. The experiments were conducted on both unreinforced footings and footings reinforced with one layer of geogrid. A distributed static load was applied to simulate the stress of reinforced footings. The experimental results indicate that the strength resistance of the geogrid reinforced footings is significantly improved compared to the unreinforced footings. The use of glass fibers and geogrid confinement in the footing designs were found to have a significant impact on improving the load-deformation behavior and crack propagation. Furthermore, the study reveals that the strength and dimensions of the geogrid reinforcement play a crucial role in determining the behavior of the plain concrete footings. Also, the Comparison between cast and load capacity of all samples was presented. http://ijaems.com/detail/investigating-the-effects-of-geogrid-aperture-shapes-on-load-deformation-behavior-and-crack-propagation-in-plain-concrete-footings/ E. A. El-Kasaby, Mahmoud Awwad, Mohab. R. El-Ashmony, A. A. Abo-Shark http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/7IJAEMS-107202515-Investigating.pdf This comprehensive study investigates the critical relationship between working capital management and profitability in Bharti Airtel Limited, India's second-largest telecommunications provider. Against the backdrop of intense industry competition and capital-intensive operations, the research addresses three fundamental questions: (1) How has Airtel's liquidity position evolved during FY2019-2024? (2) What efficiency gains have been achieved in working capital utilization? (3) To what extent has working capital optimization contributed to profitability improvements? Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study analyzes five years of financial data through ratio analysis, trend examination, and statistical correlation. Key findings demonstrate a 29% improvement in liquidity ratios (Current Ratio: 0.62->0.80), a 32% increase in working capital turnover efficiency (5.3->7.0), and a remarkable profitability transformation from -8.9% to +10.8% net margins. Statistical analysis reveals a strong positive correlation (r = 0.959) between liquidity enhancement and profitability growth. The paper contributes to working capital theory by demonstrating how telecom firms can strategically leverage negative working capital conditions. Practical implications include recommendations for optimizing cash conversion cycles and balancing liquidity risks in capital-intensive industries. Limitations and future research directions are discussed. http://ijaems.com/detail/impact-of-working-capital-management-on-a-firm-s-profitability-a-study-on-bharti-airtel/ K. Sathish, Syed Muskan http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/8IJAEMS-10720257-Impactof.pdf Geogrids are commonly used geosynthetic materials for soil stabilization and reinforcement of earth structures, including dams and earth walls. This study investigates the impact of using uniaxial geogrids for reinforcement in fiber glass reinforced concrete (FGRC) on the flexural behavior of strip footing foundations. The experimental research consists of testing fourteen reinforced concrete strip footings to failure under line loading. The variables in this study include the number of geogrid layers (one, two, and three), the percentage of longitudinal reinforcement and type of concrete mixture. The study reports and compares deflection, loads at each stage, stiffness, ductility, energy absorption, crack patterns, steel, concrete, and geogrid strains of the footings. The results show that using geogrid layers as a reinforcing technique effectively improves the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete footings and enhances the cracking patterns. The number of geogrid layers used in the footings significantly increases the loads at each stage and decreases the deflections of the footings. Additionally, adding fibers to reinforced concrete footings, along with geogrid layers, increases the loads at different load deflection stages. An empirical equation was correlated to establish the relationship between the moment acting on the footings and the tensile strength of geogrid reinforcement. The empirical evidence from the experiments clearly indicates a substantial enhancement in the strength resistance of geogrid-reinforced footings with FGRC compared to those reinforced with steel and normal concrete mix. This Study shows geogrids improve reinforced concrete footings and stabilize earth structures for construction industry. http://ijaems.com/detail/flexural-behavior-of-strip-footing-foundations-reinforced-with-uniaxial-geogrids-and-fgrc-experimental-study-and-empirical-correlations/ E. A. El-Kasaby, Mohab Roshdy, Mahmoud Awwad, A. A. Abo-Shark http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/9IJAEMS-107202516-Flexural.pdf This study explores the role of social media marketing in influencing brand awareness and recognition, two vital components of brand development. Brand awareness pertains to the degree to which customers are able to identify or recall a brand, while brand recognition deals with the degree to which a brand can differentiate itself based on its visual and message appeal. By studying the manner in which brands use social media to develop engaging content, run targeted advertisements, and develop interactive communities, this study illustrates the tactics that drive brand awareness and recognition. The study indicates that social media marketing is an effective tool to shape consumer perceptions, shape purchase decisions, and ultimately make brands successful in a competitive market over the long term. http://ijaems.com/detail/impact-of-social-media-marketing-on-brand-awareness-and-brand-recognition/ Dr. K. Swapna Sri, Marri Drusika http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/10IJAEMS-107202512-Impactof.pdf This study examines the influence of Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) and Domestic Institutional Investors (DIIs) on the performance of the Nifty 50 index in India during the period from 2015 to 2025. The objective is to understand whether the net investment patterns of these institutional investors have a significant impact on stock market trends, particularly the movement of the Nifty 50 index. http://ijaems.com/detail/a-study-on-the-impact-of-fii-and-dii-net-investments-on-nifty-50-index-trends-in-india/ Kagithapuram Prathibha, Dr. K. Swapna Sri http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/11IJAEMS-10720253-AStudy.pdf Financial Technology, often abbreviated as Fintech, represents the convergence of finance and digital innovation aimed at improving and simplifying financial services. Over the past ten years, fintech has revolutionized the financial landscape, altering how both individuals and businesses manage and engage with money. In the beginning, fintech primarily focused on improving the internal processes and infrastructure of banks and financial organizations. http://ijaems.com/detail/a-study-on-fintech-innovations-and-their-impact-on-the-future-of-banking/ K. Sathish, Puligilla Naveen http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/12IJAEMS-10720259-AStudy.pdf The aim of this project was to evaluate how ESG-focused investment banks differ from traditional investment banks in terms of financial performance, compliance strength, and reputational standing. The research problem arose from the increasing global attention on ESG integration and the lack of comparative evidence on whether such practices yield measurable benefits in the investment banking sector. http://ijaems.com/detail/a-comparative-analysis-of-esg-focused-and-traditional-investment-banking-firms-financial-performance-compliance-and-reputation/ Dr. K Swapna Sri, Heerekar Nithin http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/13IJAEMS-107202513-AComparative.pdf This study is focused on understanding the current growth and perception of Electric Vehicles (EVs) compared to Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles in Hyderabad. The study is divided into four key areas. First, it explores how customers in Hyderabad feel about using EVs — their preferences, concerns, and what influences their choices. Second, it identifies the major challenges EVs are facing in the city, such as issues related to technology, cost, and charging infrastructure. Third, it examines the environmental impact of EVs compared to traditional fuel-based vehicles, especially how zero carbon emissions from EVs are affecting customer decisions. Lastly, it studies the role of government support, including policies, subsidies, and incentives that encourage the shift towards EVs. However, the study has some limitations. It is restricted to Hyderabad, so the findings might not apply to other regions. Also, due to time limits and fewer respondents, the research could not cover long-term trends or represent the views of all sections of society. Still, it gives a meaningful snapshot of the current EV scenario and what steps can be taken to make EVs a better and more attractive choice for consumers. http://ijaems.com/detail/a-study-on-dominance-of-electrical-vehicles-over-internal-combustion-engines-ice-vehicles-in-hyderabad/ M. Akhila Reddy, Pola Adharsh http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/14IJAEMS-107202510-AStudy.pdf In today’s data-driven financial environment, investor decisions are increasingly strategic. This study evaluates the stock performance of the State Bank of India (SBI) using both fundamental and technical analysis. Fundamental analysis examines key financial indicators—EPS, ROE, Net Profit Margin, P/E Ratio, and D/E Ratio—based on SBI’s audited reports from FY 2019 to FY 2024 to assess intrinsic value and financial health. Technical analysis uses indicators like SMA, RSI, and MACD on historical price data to gauge market trends and identify entry/exit points. The integrated approach reveals that while fundamental analysis supports long-term valuation, technical analysis aids short-term trading decisions. Together, they offer a comprehensive view for investors, making this dual strategy especially valuable given SBI’s prominence in the Indian banking sector. The findings aim to guide investors and analysts in aligning strategies with their risk-return goals. http://ijaems.com/detail/evaluating-the-impact-of-fundamental-analysis-and-technical-analysis-on-sbi-s-performance-a-risk-return-approach/ Dr. K. Swapna Sri, Kummari Tirupathi http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/15IJAEMS-107202511-Evaluating.pdf This study examines the impact of digital learning platforms on undergraduate and postgraduate students, focusing on accessibility, flexibility, and engagement. It evaluates whether tools like online lectures and LMS have enhanced academic experiences or introduced new challenges. Using structured questionnaires, data was collected from diverse academic backgrounds. Findings reveal that while digital platforms improve access and flexibility, many students face issues like reduced motivation and digital fatigue. Postgraduate students adapt more easily, showing greater independence. The study concludes that digital tools are vital in modern education but must be improved to support interaction, reduce fatigue, and meet varied learning needs. http://ijaems.com/detail/evaluating-the-effectiveness-of-digital-platforms-in-improving-student-outcomes-with-reference-to-ug-and-pg/ M. Akhila Reddy, Pooja Sharma http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/16IJAEMS-107202514-Evaluating.pdf A new era of data-driven, automated, and intelligent decision-making processes across a broad range of HR tasks is being ushered in by the development of artificial intelligence (AI), which is significantly changing the field of human resource management (HRM). This study examines the revolutionary effects of AI technology on HRM practices by a thorough secondary review of recent scholarly works, industry reports, and case studies. AI-powered hiring and talent acquisition platforms, predictive analytics for assessing employee performance, intelligent workforce planning, automated onboarding, and real-time employee engagement platforms are some of the major areas of disruption that have been highlighted. The study not only highlights these developments but also critically analyzes the risks and difficulties that come with integrating AI, including issues with data privacy, algorithmic and cognitive biases, lack of interpretability, transparency, and the widening digital skill gap among HR professionals. In addition to highlighting the significance of coordinating AI deployment with organizational ethics, legal compliance, and human-centric values, the study delves deeper into the strategic implications of AI in promoting agile, inclusive, and responsive HR ecosystems. As crucial avenues for long-term adoption, emerging themes like explainable AI (XAI), ethical AI governance, and AI literacy in HR are also covered. According to the findings, while AI has the ability to greatly improve HRM's operational efficiency, decision accuracy, and employee experience, long-term success depends on a methodical, morally sound, and strategically integrated strategy. http://ijaems.com/detail/embedding-artificial-intelligence-in-next-generation-human-resource-development-implementations/ Arshad Matin http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/17IJAEMS-107202519-Embedding.pdf This study investigates the impact of product quality on consumer brand loyalty within the context of Reliance Trends, a leading Indian fashion retailer. Employing a descriptive and causal research design, data were collected through structured questionnaires from 150 customers in urban and semi-urban areas, focusing on attributes such as fabric durability, design, fit, and overall satisfaction. The analysis revealed that high product quality significantly influences customer loyalty, with most respondents expressing satisfaction with fabric quality and durability. Additionally, factors such as consistent quality, packaging, and favorable price-quality perceptions positively correlate with repeat purchases and brand advocacy. These findings underscore the importance of maintaining superior product standards to foster long-term customer loyalty. The research highlights that a strategic focus on product quality is vital for sustaining competitive advantage and ensuring sustained business growth in the dynamic retail market. http://ijaems.com/detail/an-examination-of-the-effect-of-product-quality-on-consumer-brand-loyalty-with-reference-to-reliance-trends/ Umamaheswararao Gobbilla, Gampa Usha http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/18IJAEMS-107202521-AnExamination.pdf This study investigates the impact of credit risk management practices on non-performing assets (NPAs) in Axis Bank over a five-year period. Employing a descriptive and analytical approach, it analyzes secondary data from annual reports, financial statements, and industry sources, utilizing trend analysis, ratio analysis, correlation, and ANOVA to evaluate asset quality and risk mitigation strategies. Findings reveal a significant decline in gross and net NPAs, alongside an increase in provisioning coverage and stable capital adequacy ratios, indicating effective credit risk controls. The results demonstrate a strong inverse relationship between NPAs and provisioning, and consistent asset quality management across quarters. These insights underscore the importance of robust internal credit frameworks and technological tools in reducing NPAs, thereby enhancing financial stability. The study highlights that effective credit risk management is vital for sustaining bank profitability and systemic resilience in the evolving Indian banking landscape. http://ijaems.com/detail/the-role-of-credit-risk-management-in-mitigating-npa/ Umamaheswararao Gobbilla, Chippa Nandini http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/19IJAEMS-107202525-Therole.pdf This study investigates the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on India’s economic growth from 2017 to 2024, utilizing secondary data analysis and regression techniques. The methodology involves analysing sectorial FDI inflows, their contribution to gross domestic product, and correlations with macroeconomic indicators such as inflation and stock market performance. Findings reveal that while FDI inflows have fluctuated, peaking during 2020-21, their direct influence on GDP, inflation, and stock indices remains statistically insignificant. The research highlights that FDI primarily benefits manufacturing and technology sectors, with limited immediate macroeconomic effects. These results imply that FDI alone cannot drive rapid economic changes but plays a vital role in sectorial development and long-term growth. The study underscores the importance of comprehensive policy measures to optimize FDI’s contribution to sustainable economic progress. http://ijaems.com/detail/a-study-on-foreign-direct-investment-impact-on-the-indian-economy/ Umamaheswararao Gobbilla, Bandam Mallikharjun http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/20IJAEMS-107202526-AStudy.pdf This study investigates the impact of Hindustan Coca-Cola Beverages' advertising strategies on consumer decision-making in India. Employing a descriptive and analytical research design, primary data were collected through structured questionnaires from a sample of 100 consumers, complemented by secondary data from company reports and digital media analytics. Findings reveal that television and social media advertisements significantly influence consumer perceptions, with emotional appeals, visual content, and promotional offers playing key roles in shaping purchase intentions. The research indicates that integrated advertising strategies effectively enhance brand recall, trust, and loyalty across different decision-making stages. These insights underscore the importance of multi-channel, emotionally engaging, and transparent advertising approaches to influence consumer behavior. The study’s implications suggest that tailored, cohesive campaigns can strengthen brand positioning and drive long-term consumer engagement in a competitive Indian FMCG market. http://ijaems.com/detail/examine-the-impact-of-advertising-strategies-on-consumer-decision-making-process-at-hindustan-coco-cola-beverages/ Umamaheswararao Gobbilla, Chanda Laxman http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/21IJAEMS-107202524-Examine.pdf This study investigates the influence of demographic factors—such as age, gender, income, education, and occupation—on consumer purchasing behavior at Bajaj Electronics, a leading Indian retail chain. Employing a descriptive quantitative approach, data were collected through structured surveys from 105 customers across urban and semi-urban outlets, and analyzed using statistical tools such as chi-square tests. Findings reveal that younger adults, particularly those aged 25-34, predominantly constitute the customer base, with males representing a larger share. Key purchase drivers include warranty and after-sales service, product specifications, and brand reputation. Demographic variables significantly impact product preferences, brand sensitivity, and payment modes. The results offer valuable insights for developing targeted marketing strategies and enhancing customer engagement in the competitive electronics retail sector. Overall, understanding demographic influences enables retailers to tailor offerings effectively, fostering improved customer satisfaction and business growth. http://ijaems.com/detail/a-study-on-analysing-the-impact-of-demographic-factors-on-purchasing-decisions-of-consumers-at-bajaj-electronics/ Umamaheswararao Gobbilla, Chitikena Sanjana http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/22IJAEMS-107202522-Astudy.pdf This study evaluates the performance of Growth Plans offered by ICICI Mutual Fund and SBI Mutual Fund to inform investor decision-making. Employing a quantitative approach, the research analyzes secondary data over a five-year period using performance metrics such as Sharpe Ratio, Treynor Ratio, Jensen’s Alpha, and NAV trends. The findings indicate that most schemes exhibit risk-adjusted returns below market expectations, with SBI schemes generally outperforming ICICI in long-term growth and stability. The analysis highlights differences in risk profiles, return consistency, and fund management strategies between the two fund houses. These results provide valuable insights for investors, financial advisors, and policymakers seeking to optimize long-term investment strategies. Overall, the study underscores the importance of comparative performance evaluation in mutual fund selection, contributing to more informed financial planning and enhanced investment outcomes. http://ijaems.com/detail/an-evaluative-study-on-performance-growth-plan-of-icici-mutual-fund-and-sbi-mutual-fund/ Umamaheswararao Gobbilla, Devani Keerthi http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/23IJAEMS-107202527-AnEvaluative.pdf By using a prototype multi –annular swirl burner, the important aerodynamics features of a typical low Nitrogen Oxides NOx of internal staging schematic was studied. So by using swirl means the structure of flame is separated to locally fuel-rich environment prior to burn out. Selecting of the optimal swirl burner design is depending on swirl economy and can estimated using hydraulic resistance parameter. Swirl stabilized flames are lifted a few millimeters above the fuel injector and this liftoff allows air to mix with fuel upstream of the flame base , the positions of the primary and secondary air as well as fuel tube were adjusted to produce a particular flow field which Its name Radially Stratified Flame Core Burner. In result NOx emissions are not more than 120ppmv at 15% excess air and the implement internal staging schematic is effective and promise way to have high furnace efficiency at low NOx emissions. http://ijaems.com/detail/computation-fluid-dynamics-of-aerodynamics-swirl-low-nox-burner-in-furnace/ Asya Abd Alelah Alabdalah http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/24IJAEMS-107202531-Computation.pdf This article presents the improvement of a construction system adapted to solar tracking. The system integrates multiple energy conversion mechanisms in accordance with the energy chain principle and it is based on high-temperature energy capture. Therefore, it enables the deployment of a field of collectors or storage units that use a heat transfer fluid to perform the functions of energy concentration, heating, storage, and distribution. From a forward-looking perspective, these concentrator systems contribute to enhancing solar energy utilization through the application of advanced signal-based simulation and modeling methods for solar systems. http://ijaems.com/detail/enhancement-of-a-solar-tracking-concentrator-system-with-multiple-conversion-mechanisms-based-on-the-energy-chain-principle/ Andry Thierry Randrianarinosy, Jaolalaina Arisoa Andrianaivoarivelo, Harimalala Razanamanampisoa, Jean Marc Fabien Sitraka Randrianirina, Rakotoarimanana Liva Graffin, Zely Arivelo Randriamanantany http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/25JAEMS-107202517-Enhancement.pdf Optimization initiatives typically involve leveraging advanced technologies and enhancing existing network systems to improve Quality of Service (QoS). These efforts may include eliminating redundant data, implementing data compression, enhancing application delivery, and applying traffic shaping techniques to reduce packet loss. This article aims to support on-site engineers in addressing handover and call drop issues. Handover-related challenges continue to pose significant problems for telecommunications providers in The Gambia and globally. Although researchers have made considerable progress in the field of wireless communications, many issues remain unresolved. Handover is closely associated with call drops, as handover failures often result in dropped calls. Therefore, addressing handover-related call drops is a key component of optimizing handover success rates. This paper outlines methods for evaluating network handover and call drop performance, as well as testing and troubleshooting techniques. http://ijaems.com/detail/handover-and-call-drop-optimization-techniques/ Pa Malick Badjie, Goueye Bi Vanie, Alemu Betelhem Zerfu, Majid Youssouf Hassan http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/26IJAEMS-10820254-Handover.pdf China and Pakistan, among other countries, have a pressing need for a quicker, safer, and more cost-effective commerce route heading to the west, which encompasses Europe and the Middle East. This study's main goal is to determine whether the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a viable, long-term option for future market penetration and company growth. With an emphasis on shipping costs and transit times, it examines how the China-Pakistan commerce is affected by the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). The report also contrasts the effectiveness of the proposed CPEC route with that of the existing trade route. For this analysis, a qualitative and descriptive research style was used. The results show that significant cost reductions can result from following the suggested CPEC path. The cost of shipping between Gwadar, Pakistan, and Kashgar, China, might drop by 69% for Oman, 49% for Jeddah and Kuwait, and 38% for European ports. Additionally, transit times for ports in Europe, Jeddah, Kuwait, and Oman might be shortened by 10–11 days, 11–13 days, and 15–18 days, respectively. http://ijaems.com/detail/analyzing-impact-of-pakistan-economic-corridor-on-import-and-export-in-pakistan-and-china/ Muhammad Haseeb Arif http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/27IJAEMS-10820258-Analyzing.pdf In 5G mobile systems, Non-Orthogonal Light Acquisition (NOMA) and Multiple End-to-End (MIMO) technologies must overcome numerous obstacles, including space limitations, connectivity restrictions, and the requirement for increased reliability. It is vital to concentrate on enhancing and reconsidering criteria of BER, SE, average power rate and potential for a link transmission error in order to boost performance in 5G networks using MIMO. Phase modulation was accomplished in a few frequency channels by the suggested model, which took into account input power, bandwidth, transmission power, and signal-to-noise ratio. Following an evaluation of the model's efficacy, the results showed superior performance over earlier research. The transmission findings demonstrate that MIMO-NOMA enhances the critical user's bit error rate and transmission power. The average active rate was used to determine link transmission outcomes. Furthermore, in both uplink and downlink scenarios, with and without MIMO, NOMA's BER, SE, average power rate & failure probability was assessed. Study discovered that MIMO-NOMA installation significantly improved performance for all users. http://ijaems.com/detail/performance-enhancement-of-5g-networks-remodeling-power-domain-scheme-through-noma-mimo-technologies-integration-2/ Umer Shafie Bhatti http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/28IJAEMS-10820257-Performance.pdf Preventive Maintenance Plan for a Heidelberg vane foiling machine. The machine's performance had decreased from 130,000 folios to 100,000 folios per 24 hours. This drop in efficiency impacted productivity, delivery times, and generated additional costs and client dissatisfaction. The primary goal was to restore and optimize the machine's performance by identifying the causes of the efficiency reduction and implementing necessary preventive maintenance.The object of this study is the Heidelberg vane foiling machine, a key asset in the foiling process that ensures high quality and production efficiency. The methodology follows a preventive maintenance approach, which includes visual and functional inspections, general and deep cleaning, component lubrication, and the replacement of worn or damaged parts. All activities were documented and performed according to manufacturer standards and industrial maintenance best practices. It is estimated that regular, comprehensive maintenance will increase the machine’s performance and prevent future breakdowns http://ijaems.com/detail/maintenance-plan-for-a-heidelberg-vane-foiling-machine/ Flores Sánchez Verónica, Espinosa Hernandez María Guadalupe, Juárez Vargas Jesús Antonio, Vallejo Hernández Arely http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/29IJAEMS-10820253-Maintenance.pdf In the modern era of globalization and rapid technical breakthroughs, the significance of risk management has dramatically increased. The strategic protection, effective use, and skilled administration of vital resources and information are all included in risk management. Understanding how important it is for a company to incorporate risk management procedures is crucial. It is troubling, though, that so few businesses and organizations in Pakistan have actively carried out effective risk management strategies. Furthermore, it's also unknown how using risk management approaches would affect these firms' overall effectiveness and reputation. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to carefully examine and investigate how risk management impacts an organization's performance. It aims to understand how efficiently risk management procedures support the expansion and financial stability of a firm. The goal of this study's analysis is to demonstrate how risk management has the ability to greatly increase the general effectiveness and successes of enterprises and organizations functioning in Pakistan. http://ijaems.com/detail/mitigating-risks-through-effective-management-for-enhancing-organizational-performance/ Syed Muhammad Fayaz http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/30IJAEMS-10820251-Mitigating.pdf The widespread use of industrial automation Internet of Things (IoT) devices has seen great transformation in operational efficiency and decision-making. But these interconnected environments have nevertheless raised a major concern about their security challenges. Blockchain technology is a promising solution to the challenges of infrastructure because of its decentralized, transparent and tamper proof characteristics. We discuss in this paper how blockchain based security frameworks are being used in IoT devices for industrial automation right now. It first conducts an in depth analysis of existing approaches and their pros and cons before concluding with research gaps. In addition, it explores integration of blockchain with involving technologies for IIoT ecosystems’ security. http://ijaems.com/detail/blockchain-based-security-framework-for-iot-devices-in-industrial-automation-a-comprehensive-review/ Karthik Kumar Vaigandla, Madhu Kumar Vanteru, Ranjith Kumar Siddoju http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/31IJAEMS-107202523-Blockchain.pdf Network Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is a promising technology for delivering quality healthcare to its users. Low power devices attached to the body have limited battery life. Nowadays the world is moving towards an era of wireless technologies for making the life of elderly people living alone in the houses easier. The latest innovative technologies improve and facilitates the daily life of human beings especially ambient assisted living. Internet [1] of Medical Things (IoMT) revolutionized the quality of life of people living in cities as well as in the far flung areas. Under the domain of IoT and WBAN integration, which leads towards a new emerging domain in technological Health care named as IoMT. The Main focus of this Research study is to improve the Quality of Service (QoS) in the Health care data transmission. Major problems in health care data transmission. It is desirable to have energy efficient routing protocol in WBAN that maintains the required reliability value for sending data from a given node to the sink Node. In this proposed research, the researcher intends to propose two routing protocols named as Improved Quality of service Aware Routing protocol for WBAN (IM-QRP) and Energy Aware Cluster based Routing protocol for Flying Ad hoc Networks (EA-CBRP-FAN). The performance of the proposed protocols will be compared with the existing routing protocols named as QPRD [1], CO-LAEEBA [2], E-HARP [3] and EEBSR [4]. IM-QRP will primarily concentrate on the enhancement of the fundamental metrics, including Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Path Loss Ratio, and Residual Energy of the Sensor Nodes. The Mat Lab Simulation tool will be used to create the IM-QRP results. The Simulation results will be compared with existing routing protocol. From the simulation results the researcher will try to observe the performance of IM-QRP Routing with existing ones in order to assess which performs better. Improving simulation results will be based on numerical percentage values. Better residual energy of the Sensor Nodes, reduction in path loss ratio, improvement in packet transmission (link reliability) towards the Sink nodes and improvement in SNR will be the aim. http://ijaems.com/detail/energy-efficient-cooperative-quality-of-service-qos-aware-routing-protocol-for-wireless-body-area-sensor-networks/ Fazal Ilahi http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/32IJAEMS-10820252-Energy.pdf Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and services, especially those under hostile environments such as battlefield, are at greater risk because of failure of nodes. In Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), node failure is of significant concern. The node failure creates breakup in a network and leads to problems relating to the isolation of the affected node. It is important that the nodes are always live and communicate with uninterrupted network connectivity. The rapid detection of failure of node in the network is essential for inter-node communication. Recently, a number of methods for the restoration of inter nodes connections have been proposed. Replacing the node is one of the sustainable solution to address the issue. Another way is that a gateway node can take control of the functionalities of the affected node. Similarly, the residual energy available at each node can also be used to detect the faulty node in the wireless sensor network. In addition to this, the performance of the network should not degrade in case of any such failures for which right mechanisms have to be put in place as outlined in this research work. The usefulness of the proposed solution is authenticated by the results of the simulation. The performance was validated using experimental analysis and better performance was achieved. This research study http://ijaems.com/detail/connectivity-restoration-in-wireless-sensor-networks/ Rashid Blouch http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/33IJAEMS-108202512-Connectivity.pdf Marketers have to fulfill the following social responsibility while offering products to the consumer online Safety to users, Long run satisfaction of consumers, Quality of product, Equal marketed product would be environment friendly to ensure clean and better environment, It should be real it must not Spam user so that they can trust that online environment is safe and shop online without any doubt, Privacy Policy should be strong so that the consumer should trust in online shopping, Unit price of the product may be higher but all type of products should be available online so that user can purchase all the products online. The product should be easily available, the buyer generally buys the product from the nearby shops so the nearby shop product should be available online so that they motivate users for a better environment. Installation should be good and product quality should be satisfactory. For example, if the order is given to a company for purchasing a product online so that it must be available to customers in the required amount of time so that the consumer must be satisfied and motivated so that he can trust on online shopping. http://ijaems.com/detail/a-review-of-the-factors-motivating-the-rural-and-urban-consumers-in-haryana/ Manisha Dalal http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/34IJAEMS-107202557-AReview.pdf The world around us is moving at an extremely fast pace than ever before and Information technology plays a pivotal role in driving this momentum forward. With its growth and innovations, the biggest challenge information technology brings is its Security, which is commonly known as Cyber Security. From Small Organizations to massive government infrastructures, Everyone takes exceptional measures to prevent cybercrimes So that businesses can continue to Operate Smoothly. This paper mainly focuses on Business Continuity & Disaster Recovery after a Cyber Attack. It also explains the latest Cyber Security Techniques, trend changes & Threats. http://ijaems.com/detail/business-continuity-disaster-recovery/ Suhail Kausar http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/35IJAEMS-108202514-Business.pdf The study examines the trends and structural characteristics of share buybacks in India using an extensive dataset of 584 buyback announcements from 2010–11 to 2024–25. First, it highlights the recent trends in the buyback activities, then it sheds light on the difference between tender offer buybacks and open market repurchases (OMRs) based on buyback characteristics. For this, a univariate analysis has been employed using both parametric (two-sample t-test) and non-parametric (Wilcoxon rank-sum test) methods. The findings show a noticeable slowdown in the buyback activities in recent years due to changes in taxation and buyback regulations. After phasing out of OMRs, tender offers become the predominant mode of execution. The results demonstrate that buybacks are mostly concentrated among promoter-controlled companies. Furthermore, tender offer buybacks are characterized by higher buyback size, amount, and promoter shareholding as compared to OMRs. Overall, the findings highlight that buyback behaviour is sensitive to regulatory changes, offering valuable insights for policymakers and investors in assessing the impact of buyback regulations on the firm’s buyback behaviour. http://ijaems.com/detail/trend-of-share-buybacks-in-the-indian-corporate-sector/ Mahak Makkar, Deepa Mangala http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/36IJAEMS-106202599-Trendof.pdf