http://ijaems.com/ Open Access international Journal to publish research paper en-us August 2016 The power transmission system is the system which causes movement of vehicles by transferring the torque produced by the engines to the wheels after some modifications. The transfer and modification system of vehicles is called as power transmission system. The power transmission system of vehicles consists of several components which encounter unfortunate failures. Propeller shaft and the universal joints form the important links that help in transmitting power from the engine to the wheels. In this study, analysis is being performed on the universal joint yoke and the propeller shaft. In the universal joint yoke, certain modifications are made in the existing geometry and analyzed for the identical loading and boundary conditions as in the reference paper from which the problem has been taken. It was observed that from the static analysis that the roots of the splines are the areas of high stress concentration. The fatigue analysis revels that the drive shaft fails in the region of high stress concentration as expected. In this project the propeller shaft of TATA 1210 was investigated for failures. Considering the system, torque acting on a shaft used to calculate the Stress analysis by using FEA and the results were compared with the calculated values. The stress in the shaft was exceeding the endurance limit causing failure in shaft, the shaft may have failed prematurely due to fatigue loads before the average life of truck. Thus it was important to redesign the shaft so that the induced stress is less than the endurance limit. http://ijaems.com/detail/design-failure-analysis-and-optimization-of-a-propeller-shaft-for-heavy-duty-vehicle/ Amim Altaf Baig, A. M. Langde, R. N. Dehankar http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/1 IJAEMS-JUL-2016-54-Design, Failure Analysis and Optimization of a Propeller Shaft for Heavy Duty Vehicle.pdf Quality of food is determined in terms of food texture, taste and appearance butmoisture content (MC) of food is a determination factor of quality & stability of the processed food. Complex impedance measurement has several advantages over conventional moisture measurement methods and can be used for portable moisture measurement. This paper presents the Auto Balancing Bridge Circuitry to determine the complex impedance of the grain sample for moisture analysis. The complex impedance measurement has been done using Auto Balancing Bridge method. Experimentation has been done to reduce the losses of internal ABB circuit so that it can provide measurements at high frequency range. At lower radio frequencies, density- independent moisture content determination is achievable with multiple-frequency measurement. Due to operational amplifier’s limitations at higher frequencies, proper design of ABB circuit is very crucial in the proposed circuit. Hence, ABB circuit in was simulated in Multisim& best opamp was selected. http://ijaems.com/detail/rf-based-complex-impedance-measurement/ Jyoti Mishra, Ritula Thakur, Babankumar Bansod http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/2 IJAEMS-JUL-2016-51-RF Based Complex Impedance Measurement.pdf The application of this paper firstly simplified mathematical model for heat exchanger process has been developed and used for the dynamic analysis and control design. A conventional PID controller and Advanced Artificial Neural Network NARMA L2 Controller for Shell and Tube heat exchanger is proposed to control the cold water outlet temperature and test the best efficiency of NARMA L2 and PID controller.The control problem formulated as outlet cold water temperature is controlled variable and the inlet hot water temperature is manipulated variable the minimum possible time irrespective of load and process disturbances.Simulation and verified the mathematical model of the controller has been done in MATLAB Simulink. From the simulation results the prime controller has been chosen by comparing the criteria of the response such as settling time, rise time, percentage of overshoot and steady state error.The Neural NetworkNARMA L2 controller is founded to give finest performance for Shell and Heat exchanger problem like temperature control. Later Need to compare Conventional PID and Advance Artificial Neural NetworkNARMA L2 Controller results which lead to decide which one is best for Chosen has a better performance than other. http://ijaems.com/detail/comparative-analysis-of-pid-and-narma-l2-controllers-for-shell-and-tube-heat-exchanger/ Vuppala John Venkanna, Ginuga Prabhaker Reddy, V Ramesh kumar http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/3 IJAEMS-JUL-2016-57-Comparative Analysis of PID and NARMA L2 Controllers for Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger.pdf Mobile phones and tablets have substituted newspapers, books, magazines, music players, play stations, etc. which play an integral part in our day to day lives by offering numerous applications with extra-ordinary features offering similar in some cases better functionalities. Android is a software environment built for mobile devices. It is the most popular mobile platform because of ease in operation and range of applications. The existing Android mobiles perform zooming using button controls, pinch and zoom and tap. Our aim is to substitute this existing features with a more comfortable and user- friendly option i.e. to introduce a whole new approach by explicitly zooming according to eye-sight. This feature shall take the input as user’s eyesight and zoomed pages according to that eyesight which not only eradicates the necessity of manual zooming but it can also enable the user to use his phone without the use of spectacles. In case the user wants to choose his own comfortable reading level this feature will allow him to do so. http://ijaems.com/detail/transcend-viewer-2/ Manish Shrivastava, Mohana Prudi, Pooja Chugwani http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/4 IJAEMS-JUL-2016-42-Transcend Viewer.pdf The importance of life-cycle cost analysis of an integrated solar power system is explained in this paper. To analyze the energy power and cash flow computations, there exist many commercial types of energy audit softwares like Emat, Optimizer, Homer, Energy gauge, Treat and so on. Among the aforementioned audit softwares, homer software is selected since it consists of several built-in options to perform audit studies. Homer software basically utilizes the concept of finding the total net present cost to represent the life-cycle cost of the total system. This software is vividly used for obtaining the optimized energy audit solutions to integrate several equipments embedding into a single workable system. http://ijaems.com/detail/life-cycle-cost-analysis-of-a-solar-energy-based-hybrid-power-system/ Dr. B. Gurubheemachar, B. Kailash Krishna Prasad http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/5 IJAEMS-JUL-2016-50-Life-Cycle Cost Analysis of a Solar Energy Based Hybrid Power System.pdf A field experiment was conducted during Kharif season of July 2013 & 2014at crop research farm SHIATS Allahabad to study the effect of inorganic fertilizer and wheat residue on carbohydrate and fat content in basmati rice. Treatments were arranged using (4x3) factorial R.B.D with three replications. Increasing level of NPK fertilizer significantly increases carbohydrate content in grain in 100% RDF ha-1over control. Among incorporation/ retention of wheat residue also increase the carbohydrate content with increasing level from 0 to 5 tone ha-1. It was lower in control and higher in highest level of wheat residue, which was at par with 2.5 t ha-1 wheat residues in the year of experiment 2013-2014. In the fat content maximum increased in 100% RDF (NPK) over control. Among the fat content maximum increased in incorporation of 5 t ha-1 wheat residue was found better than the rest of the treatment both the years of experiment 2013,14 respectively. http://ijaems.com/detail/effect-of-inorganic-fertilizer-and-crop-residue-on-carbohydrate-and-fat-content-in-basmati-rice-oryza-sativa-l/ CH. Hemant Solanki, Tarence Thomas, Arun A. David, Rajiv Nandan http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/6 IJAEMS-JUL-2016-53-Effect of Inorganic Fertilizer and Crop Residue on Carbohydrate and Fat Content in Basmati Rice (Oryza sativa L.).pdf This paper presents a possible method for enhancement of co-existence of an E-GSM system based network with a CDMA sustem based network, in border area between two countries. Since the frequency bands allocated for the deployment of previous mentioned networks can partially overlap and due to the fact that the downlink frequency band of CDMA system is in the same frequrency band as the uplink of E-GSM system, the co-existence of the systems represents a challenge for the spectrum enineering process. In this paper a method for sharing the frequency band between the two countries under discussion is presented, in order to offer an equitable access to limited spectrum resources. Under this approach, there are settled common technical principles of a coordination procedure between country A and country B. http://ijaems.com/detail/method-for-enhancement-of-coexistence-between-e-gsm-and-cdma-systems-in-border-areas/ Georgian Grigore http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/7 IJAEMS-JUL-2016-58-Method for Enhancement of Coexistence Between E-GSM and CDMA Systems in Border Areas.pdf The hotel/restaurant/tourism sector covers a wide range of different businesses. It plays an important role as a job creator in the service sectors. This sector employs more than 7.8 million people in the India and is characterized by high job demands and high physical workload. It was found through a research that there was a change in worker’s work capacity or ability due to monotonous work and prolong standing posture during performing the work. The problems in the absence of ergonomically designed equipments, the prolonged standing posture and continuous working hours resulted to problems like lower and upper back problem, headache, swelling on ankles, stiffness in leg and hand joints etc. Besides this there were problems of slips, falls, repetitive body motion, and adoption of awkward posture. Seeing above problem a study was undertaken on 200 workers working in kumaun region of Uttarakhand. Descriptive cum experimental research approach was followed. The result showed that maximum 26 per cent of the workers were having the pain and discomfort at the lower back while doing the activity and 9.5 per cent workers faced problems in the legs and neck respectively. http://ijaems.com/detail/work-details-of-hospitality-and-tourism-industry-workers-and-impact-on-their-body/ Neha Mehra, Dr. Promila Sharma http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/8 IJAEMS-JUL-2016-62-Work Details of Hospitality and Tourism Industry Workers and Impact on their Body.pdf Food packaging material was developed from corn cob pulp that is a potential source of non-wood fibre. Corn cob was soaked in 6% NaOH solution in the ratio of (1:6) that is 1 part grain less corn cob and 6 part NaOH solution. Alkali treatment disrupts cell-wall by dissolving hemicellulose, lignin and silica by hydrolyzing uronic and acetic acid esters and by swelling cellulose. After 24 hours the soaked mixture was taken and cooking was done at temperature of 120oC for 80 minute till gel like structure form and corn cob give paste and soapy texture like structure. After cooling washing was done to remove waste liquor that was followed by pulping to make paper.Studies have focused on developing food packaging material that is paper incorporated with silver nanoparticles in the ratio of10 mg per 100 ml of pulp. Developed paper has significantly reduced the presence of E.coli and Bacillus subtilis in wrapped food sample. The resulting pulp from corn cob was used for paper making and the papers obtained were tested for their mechanical properties; grammage (81) g/m2, thickness (0.199) mm, stiffness (65-70) Taber, tearing strength (MD 39, CD 41) mN for paper incorporated with AgNPs. Overall, antimicrobial packaging shows promise as an effective method for the inhibition of certain bacteria in foods, but barriers to their commercial implementation continue to exist. http://ijaems.com/detail/development-of-silver-nanoparticles-incorporated-antimicrobial-food-packaging-paper-derived-from-corn-cob/ Amit Kumar Yadav, Dorcus Masih, Sanjeet Kumar http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/9 IJAEMS-AUG-2016-28-Development of Silver Nanoparticles Incorporated Antimicrobial Food Packaging Paper Derived from Corn Cob.pdf In this work we were able to improve the reflection coefficient S11 and bandwidth BW of a rectangular microstrip antenna fed by a coaxial cable firstly by adjusting a the feed point and secondly by inserting a rectangular slot in the radiating element The results obtained using the HFSS software, have been compared by those published. These results are very satisfying. http://ijaems.com/detail/expanding-the-bandwidth-of-rectangular-microstrip-antenna-by-inserting-a-slot/ M.hamdaoui, J.Foshi, A. Roukhe http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/10 IJAEMS-JUL-2016-61-Expanding the Bandwidth of Rectangular Microstrip Antenna by Inserting a Slot.pdf The growing use of Internet in India provides varied opportunities for online shopping from both customer and seller perspective. If Electronic marketers (E-Marketers) know the factors affecting online Indian behavior, the relationships between these factors and the type of online buyers, they can further develop their marketing strategies to convert potential buyers into active buyerswhile retainingits original customer base. This study focuses on the factors which online buyers takes into consideration while shopping online. This research will help in finding the impact of e-market on customers’ purchasing patterns and how their security and privacy concerns about online marketinginfluences their online buying behavior. The study will further encompass the various important inputs which will equip the marketers for creating online marketing more lucrative and assured by adding value to the existing services. http://ijaems.com/detail/consumer-perception-towards-online-marketing-in-india-2/ Nausherwan Raunaque, Md. Zeeshan, Md.Azam Imam http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/11 IJAEMS-AUG-2016-8-Consumer Perception towards Online Marketing in India.pdf This article is concerned about client side issues of web resources load process related to user agents (browsers) behavior. a lot of modern problems such as improving global availability and reducing bandwidth, the main problem they address is latency: the amount of time it takes for the host server to receive, process, and deliver on a request for a page resource (images, css files, etc.). latency depends largely on how far away the user is from the server, and it’s compounded by the number of resources a web page contains; current load algorithms are investigated and all known solutions with their area or efficiency are explained. We have described four main optimization methods. http://ijaems.com/detail/load-speed-problems-of-web-resources-on-the-client-side-classification-and-methods-of-optimization/ Osama Ahmad Salim Safarini http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/12 IJAEMS-AUG-2016-6-Load Speed Problems of Web Resources on the Client Side_ Classification and Methods of optimization.pdf Communication, Information system and Marketing are a high and real value-added function for any organization. It needs to be clearly situated in the structure of organization to play completely their role. According to the Level of development of the organization, the company or the country, their place and their attributions are often badly defined. Their interactions also. We believe that numerous factors macro as those of the external environment and the micro as those of the business sector of the organization, its size, its structure have a determining role. To validate our hypotheses, we realized an empirical study on a sample of 262 Moroccan organizations, between companies and organizations other than companies. This work on analysis of interactions between information system, communication and marketing in organizations could server as well to the researchers, to the professionals, as to the managers. http://ijaems.com/detail/analysis-of-interactions-between-information-system-communication-and-marketing-in-organizations/ Hamid Nahla, Hicham Medromi, Meriyem Chergui, Soukaina Elhasnaoui, Aziza Chakir And Youssef Sekhara http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/13 IJAEMS-AUG-2016-1-Analysis of interactions between Information system,Communication and Marketing in Organizations.pdf Tool selection is a critical part during manufacturing process. The tool geometry plays a vital role in the art of machining to produce the part to meet the quality requirements. The tool parameters which play major roles are tool material, tool geometry, size of the tool and coating of the tool. Out of these, selection of right kind of tool geometry plays a major role by reducing cutting forces and induced stresses, energy consumptions and temperature. All this will leads to reduced distortions and the selection of wrong tool geometry results in enhanced tool cost and loss in production. However these tool geometric features are often neglected during machining considerations and procurement of tools. Thus the objective of the study is to analyze the contribution of tool geometry in peripheral milling operation and to find the optimized helix angle to get minimum cutting force (useful in thin wall machining) and thereby ensuring perpendicularity and best surface finish to reduce the chatter vibration and deflection by optimizing the machining parameters such as spindle speed, feed per tooth and side cut. The experiments are conducted on CNC milling machine on aluminium alloy 2014 using solid carbide end mills of 10 mm diameter with various helix angles by making all other geometric features constant. Taguchi method is used for design of experiment. The optimum level of parameters has been identified using Grey relational analysis (GRA) and also the percentage contribution is identified using ANOVA. http://ijaems.com/detail/experimental-study-of-the-influence-of-tool-geometry-by-optimizing-helix-angle-in-the-peripheral-milling-operation-using-taguchi-based-grey-relational-analysis/ Vikas V, Shyamraj R, Abraham K. Varughese http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/14 IJAEMS-AUG-2016-2-Experimental Study of the Influence of Tool Geometry by Optimizing Helix Angle in the Peripheral Milling Operation using Taguchi based Grey Relational Analysis.pdf In this project, a support vector machine is developed for identity verification of offline signature based on the matrices derived through Euclidean distance. A set of signature samples are collected from 35 different people. Each person gives his 15 different copies of signature and then these signature samples are scanned to have softcopy of them to train SVM. These scanned signature images are then subjected to a number of image enhancement operations like binarization, complementation, filtering, thinning, edge detection and rotation. On the basis of 15 original signature copies from each individual, Euclidean distance is calculated. And every tested image is compared with the range of Euclidean distance. The values from the ED are fed to the support vector machine which draws a hyper plane and classifies the signature into original or forged based on a particular feature value. http://ijaems.com/detail/offline-signature-verification-based-on-euclidean-distance-using-support-vector-machine/ Isha, Pooja, Varsha http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/15 IJAEMS-JUL-2016-60-1-Offline Signature Verification based on Euclidean distance using Support Vector Machine.pdf The experiments were conducted to study and analyze the process of granite machining operations. The machines used for conducting the experiments are 1.35 meter diameter blade machine, 1.20 meter diameter blade machine and 1.00 meter diameter blade machine. Experiments were conducted to find out the power consumed during the granite cutting, time taken to cut the blocks, tool wear, temperature and surface finish by using seven coolants viz., 1) Water 2) Water +Cutting oil 3) Water + SURF1 powder 4) Water + SURF2 powder 5) Water + SURF3 6) Kerosene 7) Diesel, by changing the cutting parameters like speed, feed, depth of cut etc. In granite machining operation, the machining time, the production efficiency, the tool life, and surface finish are to be improved by using high viscous coolants. Among all the above coolants water + SURF1 washing powder is the best coolant with respect to cost of production. http://ijaems.com/detail/stone-surface-finish-with-process-parameters-2/ B.Nageswararao, B.Akhil http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/16 IJAEMS-AUG-2016-7-Stone Surface Finish with Process Parameters.pdf Dakar region is confronted in recent years with episodes of repetitive and devastating floods. The structures in charge of the matter, yet does not have enough knowledge of space and tools to preciselylocate vulnerable areas. It is in this particular context that we have through this study process by coupling GIS and ASMC techniques. We aim in this coupling, to develop an efficient tool for support decision making in terms of identification strategies, intervention or adaptation. The defined criteria for this are: the rainfall, the groundwater level, geology, topography, wetlands, population density, living standards and the type of habitat. We have used an analytical hierarchical process (AHP) by foursteps: a) the breakdown of problematic vulnerabilities; b) scanning and harmonization of layers factors (criteria); c) the weight assignment of different layers criteria according to the comparison procedure in pairs; d) and aggregation criteria layers, through the weighted superposition of the SOC software tool. This has helped us to hierarchically locate the vulnerable are as to flooding. The results have showed a very low vulnerability (1.67%), low vulnerability (50.53%), high vulnerability (43.66%) and a very high vulnerability (4.14%). Approximately, 50% of the Dakar region are vulnerable to flooding and particularly the suburban area concerning the departments of Pikine and Guediawaye. These informations are very useful for governments in the effective and sustainable flood management and identification of priority intervention areas. http://ijaems.com/detail/detection-and-ranking-of-vulnerable-areas-to-urban-flooding-using-gis-and-asmc-spatial-analysis-multicriteria-a-case-study-in-dakar-senegal/ M. L. Ndiaye, V. B. Traore, M. A. Toure, A. Sambou, A. T. Diaw, A. C. Beye http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/17 IJAEMS-AUG-2016-10-Detection and Ranking of Vulnerable Areas to Urban Flooding Using GIS and ASMC (Spatial Analysis multicriteria)_ A Case Study in Dakar, Senegal.pdf Law, architecture, accounting, medicine, civil engineering are among the well-known and prestigious professions among senior secondary school students, parents and guardians. However, quantity surveying profession has being in existence for over four decades in Nigeria but, there is general low awareness level of this noble profession. Quantity surveyor is the financial consultant of the construction industry, whose training and experience qualifies him/her to advise clients on the optimal use of funds, arranges contractual relation between clients and contractors and prepares contract documents on all construction projects. This study aimed at appraising the awareness level of quantity surveying profession senior among secondary school students in Benin City Nigeria. Questionnaire survey was then structured and administered to senior secondary school students of three randomly selected secondary schools in the three local government areas within Benin City. Data were electronically analysed using SPSS. From the analysis, the study revealed that about 66.3% of the respondents have not heard about quantity surveying profession. The study further revealed that 80.7% of the respondents were unaware of the roles or duties of quantity surveyors. The study concludes that the awareness level of quantity surveying profession among senior secondary school students within Benin City is low. The study therefore recommend that both the National Secretariat of Nigerian Institute of Quantity Surveyors and State Chapters should embark on awareness campaign across the country to sensitize senior secondary school students on what quantity surveying profession entails and the job prospects for quantity surveying graduates. http://ijaems.com/detail/appraisal-of-awareness-level-of-quantity-surveying-profession-among-secondary-school-students-in-benin-city-nigeria-2/ N.A Olatunde, V.N Okorie http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/18 IJAEMS-JUL-2016-7-Appraisal of Awareness Level of Quantity Surveying Profession among Secondary School Students in Benin City, Nigeria.pdf Upcycled garments can have that independent appeal. No matter whom the designer is or what styling options designers choose, these upcycled fashion garments and accessories are by nature one-of-a kind. Finishing of textile fabric is carried out to increase attractiveness and/or serviceability of the fabric. Different finishing treatments are available to get various effects, which add value to the basic textile material, which can be better solutions for sustainable fashion. The sustainable fashion was achieved to a certain extent by using available materials to its ultimate usage, using waste material, recycling of the products, planning second life for the fashion product, slowing down the fashion etc. The main idea to do so is to develop more sustainable and responsible designs. This paper is not just about recycled clothes but about fashion, recycling, upcycling, adding value and uniqueness by the resulting one-of-a-kind design available for women to purchase in any retail store. Create nine designs using waste garments treated by soil release finishing agent as a source of sustainable fashionable designs. http://ijaems.com/detail/upcycling-used-garments-to-recreate-sustainable-fashion-designs-treated-by-soil-release-finishing/ Maha M.T.Eladwi, Rania N. Shaker, Shimaa H.Abdelrahman, Aya S. Mahmoud, HebaAllah H. Fathy, Sarah M. Sharaf http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/19 IJAEMS-AUG-2016-12-Upcycling Used Garments to Recreate Sustainable Fashion Designs Treated by Soil Release Finishing.pdf Ant colony optimization (ACO) takes inspiration from the foraging behavior of real ant species. This ACO exploits a similar mechanism for solving optimization problems 0for the various engineering field of study especially load balancing. In distributed systems, load balancing is one of the central problems that have to be solved in parallel and Grid computation. This paper tries to show some kinds of load balancing techniques for massive computing. This paper reviews the different load balancing methods includes hardware and software and compares them. Furthermore, it explains their advantages and a disadvantage, showing which method is more adaptive and flexible. http://ijaems.com/detail/survey-on-implementation-of-ant-colony-optimization-in-load-balancing/ Elnaz Shafigh Fard http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/20 IJAEMS-JUL-2016-48-Survey on Implementation of Ant Colony Optimization in Load Balancing.pdf Spray drying is one of the most complex method for fruit juice drying. Fruit juice is very sensitive and affected by the different drying parameters. Fruit juice powders have many benefits and economic potentials over their liquid counterparts such as reduced volume or weight, reduced packaging, easier handling and transportation and much longer shelf life. Besides, their physical state provides a stable, natural and easily dosable ingredient, which generally finds usage in many foods and pharmaceutical products such as flavoring and coloring agents. Spray drying process is unique because it involves both particle formation and drying. These parameters should be tested and determined before the design of the dryers. The investigated parameters include: drying agent material, feed flow rate, inlet and out let air temperature and sticky point temperature. http://ijaems.com/detail/effect-of-spray-dryer-parameters-on-different-properties-of-fruit-juice-powder-2/ Er. Vidya S. Sonone, Dr. Prakash A. Unde, Dr. Vikram P. Kad http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/21 IJAEMS-JUL-2016-25-Effect of Spray Dryer Parameters on different Properties of Fruit Juice Powder.pdf Companies (Amendment) Bill 2016 has been introduced in the LokSabha on 16th March 2016, by the Central Government. Based on the recommendations made by the committee, the Government of India placed a bill to amend the Companies Act, 2013. The panel had proposed changes in 78 sections of the Companies Act, 2013, which along with consequential changes, would result in about 100 amendments to the Act. The proposed changes are broadly aimed at addressing difficulties faced by the stakeholders in implementation owing to stringency of compliance requirements and improve the ease of doing business in the country. In this article the author discuss some of the important amendments proposed in the Bill. http://ijaems.com/detail/the-companies-amendment-bill-2016-an-analysis/ Dr. G. Velmurugan http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/22 IJAEMS-AUG-2016-13-The Companies (Amendment) Bill, 2016_ An Analysis.pdf Machine tool crack detection is to detect any damages in the tool during machining and to predict the breakage of the tool by identifying the appearance of small cracks in the tool during machining. Machine tool state monitoring is critical for controlling the work piece quality and production continuity in the case of mass production. For assessing tool breakage, machine tool vibration monitoring is a suitable means. The results obtained in FE analysis are validated with experimental data. This work gives a methodology for online crack detection in machine tools. This work presents an experimental technique for measuring modal parameters of a rectangular aluminium plate with cantilever boundary condition using only the output data, with the intention to apply the technique to machine tools. Operational modal analysis is be used for damage detection by determining the depth as well as the position of tool cracks. The results obtained are validated with finite element analysis. To locate the crack, 3D graphs of the normalized frequency in terms of the crack depth and location are plotted. The intersection of these contours gives crack location and crack depth. Out of several case studies conducted the results of one of the case study is presented to demonstrate the applicability and efficiency of the method suggested. http://ijaems.com/detail/machine-tool-crack-detection-using-operational-modal-characteristics/ Akhil R, Sudheer A http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/23 IJAEMS-AUG-2016-18-Machine Tool Crack Detection using Operational Modal Characteristics.pdf Dynamic stability of a damped flexible Rotor system is studied in this work. Analysis of a damped rotating shaft with multiple discs are carried out by, varying the rotor offset positions in order to investigate the effect on critical speed and frequency of the system. From this analysis, it is observed that by varying the rotor offset positions, the modal mass participation varies and which in turn cause a variation in the critical speed and frequency of the system. This study also extends a detailed evaluation of damped rotor stability. Through this analysis it is observed that the system become unstable beyond its critical speed. The stabilizing effects of anisotropic bearing stiffness and external damping are also demonstrated. The effect of unbalance in the rotating machinery is evaluated in the last section. http://ijaems.com/detail/stability-and-vibrationl-analysis-of-a-flexible-damped-rotor-system-using-finite-element-method/ Akhil Chandran J, Ashfak A http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/24 IJAEMS-AUG-2016-17-Stability and Vibrationl Analysis of a Flexible Damped Rotor System using Finite Element Method.pdf As technology grows every day, the study of power systems has shifted its direction to power electronics to produce the most efficient energy conversion. Power electronics is the study of processing and controlling the flow of electric energy by supplying voltages and currents in a form that is suited for user loads. A power electronic system is any technical system which is an assembly of components such as AC to DC converters (rectifiers) and DC to AC converters (inverters), that are connected together to form a functioning machine or an operational procedure. The paper presents the implementation of a three phase inverter with a front end diode rectifier. The components are modeled separately using the state space average method. http://ijaems.com/detail/implementation-of-a-three-phase-inverter-with-a-front-end-diode-rectifier-using-average-model/ Parvathi M. S, Nisha G. K http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/25 IJAEMS-AUG-2016-15-Implementation of a three Phase Inverter with a Front End Diode Rectifier Using Average Model.pdf Launch vehicle requires high thrust during lift off. Semi-cryogenic engine using liquid oxygen (LOX) as the oxidiser and kerosene (earth storable) as the fuel, produces thrust around 2000kN. LOX is pumped by Low Pressure Oxidiser Turbo pump (LPOT) to level required for cavitation free operation of the Main Oxidiser Pump (MOP). Inconel 718, the material for LPOT turbine rotor has High strength thermal resistance (HSTS), ignition resistance and property of work hardening, which refers to strengthening of metal by plastic deformation (after the machining pass). The conventional machining processes cannot be adopted to produce complex shapes with high surface finish and accuracy. The non conventional machining technique like EDM is preferred. Due to the closed tip nature of the rotor die sinking EDM is preferred over wire EDM. The LPOT turbine has two rows of rotor blades; 100 symmetric blades and 105 asymmetric blades. The modeling of the EDM electrodes is done in CAD and the trial manufacturing of the electrodes for developing symmetric blade of turbine rotor is carried out. One of the electrode is having a section with 0.4mm thickness. The EDM parameters are optimized for attenuate/thin portioned electrode using Taguchi based Grey Relation Analysis. The most significant parameter using ANOVA is found out. Confirmation test are also performed with optimum parameter combination and an improvement of machining parameter is obtained. http://ijaems.com/detail/modeling-of-edm-electrodes-for-development-of-lpot-turbine-rotor-and-optimization-of-parameters-for-attenuate-portioned-electrode-by-taguchi-based-grey-relational-analysis/ Shyam Sankar, Jessin T.A, M.Vittal Naik http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/26 IJAEMS-AUG-2016-22-Modeling of EDM electrodes for development of LPOT turbine rotor and optimization of parameters for attenuate portioned electrode by Taguchi based Grey Relational Analysis.pdf In the present scenario transportation has become an important parameter thus it requires the implementation of safety factors in the automobile at low cost which can be afforded even by a common man. Our project deals with the idea of implementing energy absorbing steering column in the car which helps to absorb the impact experienced by the driver during the time of collision at low cost. Energy Absorbing Steering Column (Collapsible steering column) is a kind of Steering Column which minimizes the injury of the driver during a car accident by collapse or breaking particular part of system. Up to now, Steering Column in Crash Analysis had no way to describe these 'Collapse' or 'Slip' by the Axial and Lateral Forces from driver. In this project, I have created a new Steering Column using a Detailed FE Model which can describe such collapse behavior. In this project, I have been modify rigid steering column of Maruti-Alto into collapsible steering column for to save human life during frontal impact. http://ijaems.com/detail/design-analysis-and-optimization-of-collapsible-steering-column/ Imran J. Shaikh, M. Shakebuddin http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/27 IJAEMS-AUG-2016-23-Design, Analysis and Optimization of Collapsible Steering Column.pdf In this competitive electricity markets the fixed costs of the transmission line should be allocated fairly because of reasonable pricing of the transmission line method could lead the existing transmission facilities and guiding future expansion and planning of the transmission line network. This paper presents various analytical methods on transmission price allocation. This paper is a literature review conducted from several papers including the different cost allocation methods evaluation of real and reactive power flows and characteristics of every method is analyzed. http://ijaems.com/detail/various-analytical-methods-on-transmission-price-allocation-in-a-restructured-environment-of-power-systems/ M.Divya, V.Sumadeepthi http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/28 IJAEMS-AUG-2016-24-Various Analytical Methods on Transmission Price Allocation in a Restructured Environment of Power Systems.pdf Currently, there is an urgent need to manage and rationalize the use of water resources worldwide, especially in areas subject to periodic droughts such as the semiarid Northeast of Brazil. One of the first steps of the great task of managing water resources is on the estimate of the supply of water within the basin. To do so, it is necessary to study the interactions between climate, land use and physiographic. Given the importance of proper management of water resources, the aim of this study is to examine the impacts of space-time variability of rainfall, soil depth and plant cover on the production of water from the reservoir basin Epitácio Pessoa, located in semiarid state of Paraiba - Brazil. A program called TOPAZ was used to obtain the physical characteristics of the basin, based on data from digital terrain elevation. The Landsat TM-5 was used to estimate the vegetation cover. Among several scenarios, the fifth was the best represented the overland flow in the reservoir basin Epitácio Pessoa. In general, the model responded well to the space-time variability of rain. Approximately 12% of rainfall was turned into the confluence Epitácio Pessoa. The coefficients of determination and Nash were on average 0.89 and 92% respectively. The results showed that there were changes in the pattern of runoff upstream of the dam. These changes are resulting in delayed and reduced runoff tributary to Epitácio Pessoa, due to the construction of new reservoirs upstream of it. http://ijaems.com/detail/superficial-water-balance-of-the-watershed-at-epitacio-pessoa-dam-used-digital-information-terrain/ Josicleda Domiciano Galvincio, Francisco de Assis Salviano de Sousa http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/29 IJAEMS-AUG-2016-14-Superficial Water Balance of the Watershed at Epitacio Pessoa Dam used Digital Information Terrain.pdf Lately, the development of mobile communications connected with the exponential growth of social media applications and their usage imposed in the telecom market an acute need for coverage and services. Due to objective or subjective reasons, in some areas it might be possible to have a lack of coverage with signal or services. Since the price of electronic equipments capable of enhancing the coverage decreased dramatically, the end-users can acquire a RF repeater in order to improve the coverage of the network in a specific area. Even though at a first sight, introducing RF repeaters in the mobile networks looks benefical, looking in more detail it can be observed that the draw-backs are bigger, due to the fact that they can introduce interferences in the networks. This study tries to evaluate the impact of a RF repeater over a cellular network (GSM and WCDMA), through simulations in SEAMCAT©. http://ijaems.com/detail/a-study-regarding-the-impact-of-rf-repeaters-on-cellular-networks/ Georgian Grigore http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/30 IJAEMS-AUG-2016-29-A Study Regarding the Impact of RF Repeaters on Cellular Networks.pdf The project is aimed at designing a density based dynamic traffic signal system where the timing of signal will change automatically on sensing the traffic density at any junction. Traffic congestion is a severe problem in most cities across the world and therefore it is time to shift more manual mode or fixed timer mode to an automated system with decision making capabilities. Present day traffic signaling system is fixed time based which may render inefficient if one lane is operational than the others. To optimize this problem we have made a framework for an intelligent traffic control system. Sometimes higher traffic density at one side of the junction demands longer green time as compared to standard allotted time We, therefore propose here a mechanism in which the time period of green light and red light is assigned on the basis of the density of the traffic present at that time. This is achieved by using PIR(proximity Infrared sensors). Once the density is calculated, the glowing time of green light is assigned by the help of the microcontroller (Arduino). The sensors which are present on sides of the road will detect the presence of the vehicles and sends the information to the microcontroller where it will decide how long a flank will be open or when to change over the signal lights. In subsequent sections, we have elaborated the procedure of this framework. http://ijaems.com/detail/density-based-traffic-control/ Er. Faruk Bin Poyen, Amit Kumar Bhakta, B.Durga Manohar, Imran Ali, ArghyaSantra, AwanishPratap Rao http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/31 IJAEMS-AUG-2016-11-Density Based Traffic Control.pdf There is evidence to propose a close microbe-nutrient-plant weave that functions as a mechanism to recycle and conserve nutrients in the mangrove ecosystem. Thirty two bacterial isolates representing the microbiome of mangrove community at Safaga, Koseir, Red Sea governorate were secured from sediment and water samples. Based on colony and cell morphology as well as physiological characteristics, the isolates were found to belong to twelve various genera. Nine salt tolerant isolates were further identified using 16S rRNA gene sequence and the phylogenetic tree was constructed which indicated that the majority of isolates are belonging to Bacillus besides the genera Kocuria, Nesiotobacter, Psychrobacillus, Salinivibrio, Serrratia and Vibrio. All strains shared more than 86 % identify with their closest phylogenetic relatives. They were examined for enzyme activities and biochemical reactions. The salt stress-tolerant enzyme activities for acid- and alkaline-phosphatases, amylase, nitrogenase, protease and urease were found variable among the isolates being 0.82 - 28.93; 0.07 - 37.01; 1.05 - 65.32; 0.42 - 0.54; 7.90 - 49.89 and 1.02 - 8.56 nmoles ml-1 culture h-1, respectively. The isolates did possess the ability to produce indole acetic acid (59.05 - 163.21 µmoles ml-1), gibbrillic acid (14.82 - 30.71 µmoles ml-1), exopolysaccharides (0.14 - 1.83 µmoles ml-1) besides solubilizing phosphates (1.15 - 11.62 µmoles ml-1) in 7.2 % NaCl-salted culture media. The pioneeric three halophilic candidates (Bacillus jeotgali, Bacillus oceanisediminis and Psycrobacillus psychrodurans) were experimented as biofertilizers for barley cultivated in soil irrigated with saline water. Salinity dramatically reduced plant growth and yield components. Total biomass decreased by ca. 70 % due to irrigation with saline water. Bacterial inoculation alleviated, to an extent, the toxic impact of high salinity, an effect that was inoculum-dependent. Inoculation significantly enhanced proline accumulation in barley tissues, the quantities in shoots exceeded those of roots being 34.9 and 68.9 mg g-1 Dw in average, respectively. The Na+ concentration significantly increased in saline water-irrigated plants, this was accompanied by decreases in K+ contents and wider Na+: K+ ratios. Salinity adversely affected leaf area, spike and 1000 grain weights. The triple-isolate inoculum seemed the superior in restricting the deleterious influence of high salinity on plant development. http://ijaems.com/detail/halotolerant-microresidents-of-mangrove-swamps-are-among-the-pillars-of-barley-development-in-salt-affected-environments/ Badawi H. Mona, Mohy Eldin A., Samir Abd-elmonem, Abdelsadek M. Shaimaa http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/32 IJAEMS-AUG-2016-35-Halotolerant microresidents of mangrove swamps are among the pillars of barley development in salt-affected environments.pdf In general, this study emphasizes the importance of reliability and validity, including quantitative research (focus his gaze on post positivism). Reliability of a study is determined by the accuracy of material selection, to obtain regularity in the manufacture of test specimens that produce research that is not biased (either on empirical studies, manuals, analytical and divaliditasi with the program), which of course is a methodological side. While on the theoretical side of course expected developments in the theory. Even desired new things in theory and methodology. http://ijaems.com/detail/manufacture-of-specimens-for-experiment-the-main-through-testing-pre-conditions/ Sabaruddin, Wihardi Tjaronge, Nur Ali, Rudy Djamaluddin http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/33 IJAEMS-AUG-2016-39-Manufacture of Specimens for Experiment the Main through Testing Pre Conditions.pdf Recently, numerous efforts were focused on 3D face models due to its geometrical information and its reliability against pose estimation and identification problems. The major objective of this work is to reduce the massive amount of information contained the entire 3D face image into a distinctive and informative subset interested regions based 3D face analysis systems. The interested regions are represented by nose and eyes regions of frontal and profile 3D images. These regions are detected based on distance to local plan descriptor only which is copes well with profile views of 3D images. The statistical distribution of distance to local plane descriptor is predicted using Gaussian distribution. The framework of the proposed approach involves two modes: training mode and testing mode. In the training mode, a learning process for local shape descriptor related to the interested regions is carried out. The interested regions (nose and eyes) are extracted automatically in the testing mode. The performance evaluation of the proposed approach has been conducted using 3D images taken from GAVADB 3D face database which consists of both frontal and profile views. The proposed approach achieved high detection rate of interested regions for both frontal and profile views. http://ijaems.com/detail/region-of-interest-extraction-in-3d-face-using-local-shape-descriptor/ Sawsen A. Mahmood, Rana F. Ghani, Abdulameer A. Kerim, Yaseen N. Jurn http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/34 IJAEMS-AUG-2016-27-Region of Interest Extraction in 3D Face Using Local Shape Descriptor.pdf