http://ijaems.com/ Open Access international Journal to publish research paper en-us June 2017 Currently Muscat the capital city of Oman is suffering from many traffic and transported related problems. Some of the serious concerns are high vehicle ownerships, low occupancy in personalized vehicles and poor patronization towards public transportation systems. Ruwi is the City center and a major Central Business District in Muscat. More than one million commuters daily visit Ruwi City center for their day to day business. The common transportation related problems often reported by the citizens at Ruwi CBD, are traffic congestion, over speeding of vehicles, inadequacy of parking places and pedestrian safety. All such problems can be eliminated by providing efficient public transportation system by restricting the entry of personal vehicles and para transit. In this technical paper, panning and designing of public transit facility by metro transport facility is attempted by capturing land use and travel information of daily commuters at Ruwi CBD area. An extensive literature review is carried for establishing the bench marking while planning metro transit system. For this the CBD area is cordoned and divided into traffic analysis zones based on the land use characteristics. Travel information of the commuter is estimated through interviewing them at the CBD entry gateway points and work locations. Land use characteristics are captured through reconnaissance of the area and random inspection of land parcels. Land use Information captured through the Google images and physical verification of data of the selected sample land parcels helped in estimation and characterization of the land use. Questionnaire survey at the activity centers helped in estimation of total trips attracted by the land uses. Travel characteristics, derived through the personal interviews of the commuters, facilitated for the estimation of total trips. Trip factors for different land uses are derived. Total trips generated are quantified and is used in planning of Metro Transit facility at the Ruwi city center. Commuter circulation pattern for the metro transit is also scheduled. Also it is proposed to carry extensive literature for establishing bench mark while planning the transit system. http://ijaems.com/detail/planning-for-metro-transit-transportation-system-a-simplified-approach-a-case-study-of-ruwi-city-center-in-muscat/ Amjad Saleem Aamir Al Khayari, N. Srinivasa Reddy http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/1 IJAEMS-JUN-2017-1-Planning for Metro Transit Transportation.pdf Finding a recipe that unlocks rapid growth and job creation should be the priority of emerging economies. Several theories of growth, employment and wage determination were efficient for certain economies at different periods, but not for other emerging economies like Nigeria. This study presents the Labour-Entrepreneurship Substitution mechanism as an idealistic model of growth, employment and wage determination. It is uniquely designed to accumulate capital, substitute labour for entrepreneurship as prospective supply of labour grows beyond its initial level, boost employment and output via new investments. Error correction mechanism of Autoregressive least square technique was used to measure the influence of labour-entrepreneurship substitution rate on the ‘new investment’, and the t-statistics, adopting Benferron’s multiple comparison adjusted probabilities was further used to measure the significance of the ‘new investment’ in determining gross domestic product in Nigeria. The labour-entrepreneurship substitution rate showed significant and positive impact on the new investment as the new investment also showed significant and positive impact on economic growth in Nigeria. Emerging and developed countries should develop the labour-entrepreneurship substitution as this will increase investment and output while creating full employment in the country. http://ijaems.com/detail/labour-entrepreneurship-substitution-mechanism-determining-growth-employment-and-wage-in-nigeria/ Chimaobi Valentine Okolo, Nicholas Attamah http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/2 IJAEMS-SEP-2016-1-Labour-Entrepreneurship Substitution.pdf Single Channel Analyzer (SCA) is a most common device used in today’s nuclear world. Therefore, A SCA with microcontroller based controlled output has been proposed in this article. The system comprises of Lower Level Discriminator (LLD), Upper Level Discriminator (ULD), wide dynamic range, Fast Processing and Hysteresis. The Comparator LM339N used as the key component that performs the main function of the proposed nuclear module. The multi-turn potentiometers have been used as LLD and ULD for the incoming linear pulses from shaping amplifier. The system has also employ the Hysteresis facilities so that oscillations due to stray feedback are not possible. A lower pin and less housing PIC microcontroller (P16F676) has been used to control the width and time delay of the output pulses. http://ijaems.com/detail/design-and-development-of-a-single-channel-analyzer-with-microcontroller-based-controlled-output/ M. N. Islam, H. Akhter, M. Begum, K. Asaduzzaman, M. S. Alam, M. A. S. Haque, M. Hoq http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/3 IJAEMS-JUL-2016-13-Design and Development of a Single Channel.pdf In this paper we study different generalizations of prime elements and prove certain properties of these elements. http://ijaems.com/detail/certain-generalized-prime-elements/ C. S. Manjarekar, A. N. Chavan http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/4 IJAEMS-MAY-2017-7-Certain Generalized Prime elements.pdf Extraction of essential neem oil from neem seed was carried by soxhelt extraction method using different organic solvents and parameters. Physico-chemical property of the extracted oil was also determined by using classical wet chemical method. Result revealed that, soxhlet extraction using hexane has 40.35%; using ethanol-hexane mixture of 60:40% volume proportion has 43.71%, using ethanol 42.65% and using methanol 42.89%. For all solvent type particle size has 355μm, extraction time 1hr up to 3hrs and applied constant and varies temperatures .At smaller extraction time, hexane produced oil yield greater than from ethanol and methanol. Actually, ethanol not produced oil at one hour extraction time. Thus, by effective determination of factors like particle sizes, solvent type, temperature, and time it is possible to investigate the result on the quality and quantity of neem oil. Surprisingly, mixtures of Ethanol and Hexane gave admirable results. Predominantly, ethanol-hexane mixtures of 60:40, and 40:60% (volume proportions) gave better oil yields of 44%, and 41.2% respectively than that of hexane (40.35%) at 3 hours of process time. http://ijaems.com/detail/extraction-of-essential-oil-from-neem-seed-by-using-soxhlet-extraction-methods/ Bereket Tesfaye, Tilahu Tefera http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/5 IJAEMS-JUN-2017-5-Extraction of Essential Oil from.pdf Striped Hyaena Hyaena hyaena Linnaeus, 1758 species is one of the largest carnivores found in Indian Sub-continent reported for first time in the Nandhaur Valley in Terai Arc Landscape, Uttarakhand, India. Diagnosis and photograph of the species is provided. http://ijaems.com/detail/striped-hyaena-hyaena-hyaena-linnaeus-1758-carnivora-hyaenidae-new-reports-in-nandhaur-valley-terai-arc-landscape-uttarakhand-india/ Shah Mohammad Belal, Nasim Ahmad Ansari http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/6 IJAEMS-JUN-2017-17-Striped Hyaena Hyaena hyaena (Linnaeus, 1758).pdf Fructooligosaccharide (FOS) is a new alternative sweetener with its characteristics such as low energy and safety for people with diabetes. Pectinex Ultra SP-L which has fructosyltransferase, catalyzes the reaction to produce short chain fructooligosaccharides. The research was conducted to enhance the high FOS content in process of FOS production by immobilized enzyme. Results achieved by Empirical planning Design Expert 7.0 - central composite method (CCD) identified at optimum conditions for process of immobilized enzyme with alginate 3.3 (%), ratio of enzyme: alginate was 0.79 (w/w), CaCl2 3.75 (%). Efficiency of loading protein reached 73.32 (%). Reaction conditions: 60 (oC), shaking velocity 90 (rpm), the initial sucrose concentrations of 50 (%), pH 5.75. When produced in 20 (h), the reaction obtained the highest level of FOS with column reaction system. The FOS for producted by immobilized enzyme achieved 47.87 (%), of which 1-kestose obtained 37.06 (%), the remaining was 10.81 (%) including nystose and fructofuranosylnystose. Efficiency of producing FOS by using immobilized enzyme compared to the free enzyme was high up to 89.49 (%). http://ijaems.com/detail/study-on-fructooligosaccharide-fos-production-by-enzyme-pectinex-ultra-sp-l-immobilzed-on-alginate/ Binh T. Nguyen http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/7 IJAEMS-JUN-2017-18-Study on Fructooligosaccharide (Fos).pdf Increased human activity and urban agglomeration have, of late added critical dimensions to environmental planning and solid waste management. The present day conventional practices of on-site-land disposal method of municipal solid wastes (MSW) are creating environmental pollution and health hazards. MSW generated from the house holds of Warangal city in the burnt form is taken for demonstration and investigative study for its use in stabilization of local subgrade soils. A comprehensive data collection through primary house-hold survey using a structured questionnaire is conducted on residential waste, collection, transportation, disposal for its quantification and characterization. Waste samples were collected from the disposal site and is analyzed for their engineering properties in un-burnt and burnt forms. Sub grade soil samples from a rural area near Chintagattu village in Warangal District of Telangana State in India were collected and are examined for its compaction characteristics, CBR value and strength characteristics. Laboratory experimental investigations are carried for the use of Burnt Municipal Solid Waste (BMSW) in local subgrade soil stabilization in presence of lime. Optimum percentage of lime is arrived at based on un confined compressive strength(UCS) and CBR value criteria. Experimental, investigations are carried on local subgrade soil, soil-lime mix and soli-lime- BMSW mix for assessing the engineering properties and their use in construction of secondary roads. Experimental investigation results are encouraging and revealed that local soils can be stabilized by using BMSW ash (20%) in presence of lime(4%) for the significant improvement in strength and reduction in pavement overlay thickness up to 30%. http://ijaems.com/detail/use-of-burnt-municipal-solid-waste-and-lime-in-local-subgrade-soil-stabilization-for-its-use-in-low-traffic-volume-roads/ Srinivasa Reddy N, Shyam Agasthya H R, Ajeet Singh Khanooja http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/8 IJAEMS-JUN-2017-20-Use of Burnt Municipal Solid Waste and Lime in.pdf In this paper, a whole simulation model of grid connected PV system with the practically of harmonics compensation is introduced during the simulation. The simulation model of grid connected PV system embrace a PV array, a dc to dc buck boost converter and a dc to ac inverter. Grid connected PV system is electricity generating solar system that is connected to the utility grid. Within the world, energy sources just like fossil fuels and nuclear reaction area unit wide used for electrical power generation. However burning fossil fuels and nuclear area unit wide used for electrical power generation. we tend to get I-V & P-V characteristics of the model. These are often desired by mathematical equation that is nonlinear. http://ijaems.com/detail/simulation-of-grid-connected-photovoltaic-system-using-matlab-simulink/ Ranu Verma, Kamlesh Gupta http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/9 IJAEMS-MAY-2017-50-Simulation of grid connected photovoltaic system.pdf This paper intended to demonstrate how to regenerate the simple forms and the complicated patterns composed of sine curves using Fourier series. The result shows that the Fourier series is a preferred method over other methods described in this paper. The experimental result of the regenerated patterns proves the efficiency and the reliability of the proposed method. http://ijaems.com/detail/regeneration-of-simple-and-complicated-curves-using-fourier-series/ Dr. Firas. Husham Al-Mukhtar http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/10 IJAEMS-JUN-2017-15-Regeneration of simple and complicated curves.pdf This paper is part of the continuity of our work on the structural clustering of multi-structured multimedia documents. One of the major problems of our work is how to compare two multi-structured documents, and therefore to compare document structures to be able to identify the resemblances between structures and transformation rules of a structure to another (evaluation of a processing cost). We have defined a new structural similarity measure for identifying common substructures in two multimedia documents, taking into account constraints of such documents (relations between components, order of components, etc). In our previous work, we have studied the impact of the sub-process of "filtering" of our clustering process on the quality of the generated classes. In this work, we describe the sub-processes of transformation of a structure to another and we propose a measure for evaluating the cost of a structural transformation. We evaluate our approach on a corpus of documents extracted randomly from the INEX 2007 corpus and a corpus composed of the notices of books (in XML format) from the library of the Toulouse 1 Capitole University. http://ijaems.com/detail/a-new-structural-similarity-measure-clustering-of-multi-structured-documents/ Ali Idarrou http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/11 IJAEMS-JUN-2017-14-A New Structural Similarity Measure.pdf Large quantities of CO2 are released into the atmosphere in the production of cement. The CO2 production increases the hazard of global warming which has forced the researchers to find materials which can partially or fully replace cement. Industrial by-products like fly ash, Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag, Silica fume, Rice husk Ash are tried as partial cement replacement materials by virtue of their possessing pozzalonic action when they come in contact with water in concrete. Hence these industrial by-products are termed as Supplementary Cementitious Materials [SCM].Spent catalyst is one such industrial by-product of Oman from Petroleum Refineries produced from the cracking of petroleum to reduce the sulphur content and to enhance the combustion properties of the oil. To improve the tensile strength of concrete, discontinuous discrete fibres are added to cement matrix and are termed as Fiber Reinforced Concrete. In this project an attempt has been taken up to carry out an experimental investigation to study the effect of addition of spent catalyst and steel fibers on the characteristic strength properties of concrete. 15% by weight cement is replaced by spent catalyst as partial replacement of cement and steel fibers of aspect ratio 60 are added at 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4% by volume of concrete. C30 grade reference concrete mix was cast for strength comparison. 150 mm x 150 mm x 150mm size cube moulds, 150 mm diameter and 300mm height cylindrical specimens and 500 mm x 100 mm x 100mm beam specimens were cast and tested to find the characteristic strength properties of all the concrete mixes cast. The experimental results show that the concrete mix M3 containing 15% partial replacement of cement by spent catalyst and 0.20% steel fibers with an aspect ratio of 60 shows maximum compressive stress of 42.05N/mm2, maximum split tensile strength of 5.25 N/mm2 and maximum flexural strength of values of 4.20 N/mm2. The test results also show that the concrete mix M5 containing 15% partial replacement of cement by spent catalyst and 0.40% steel fibers with an aspect ratio of 60 shows minimum compressive stress of 38.10 N/mm2, minimum split tensile strength of 4.76 N/mm2 and minimum flexural strength of 3.80 N/mm2. Finally the study shows that 15% partial replacement of cement by spent catalyst with addition of 0.20% steel fibers with an aspect ratio of 60 produce satisfactory results. http://ijaems.com/detail/the-effect-of-addition-of-spent-catalyst-and-steel-fibres-on-the-strength-properties-of-concrete/ B.S. Krishnamurthy, R.Balamuralikrishnan, Shaima Ibrahim AL-Abdali http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/12 IJAEMS-JUN-2017-13-The Effect of addition of Spent Catalyst.pdf Grain storage occupies a vital role in the economies of developed and developing countries. Proper monitoring of grain storage is essential to reduce grain loss. The present system involves human effort in most of the activities which reduces work efficiency and increases time consumption. These difficulties can be avoided by our proposed project. In this project, the controlling and monitoring of the grain storage area is fully automated using PLC and SCADA. The main objective of the proposed project is to control and maintain the temperature in storage area which prevents the formation of microorganisms and spoilage of grains, to measure the weight using a load cell placed under the conveyor belt and to direct the different sizes of bags to their respective storage places and to detect and control the pests, rats using ultrasound technique. The main parameter that is essential for proper storage of grains is temperature which is taken as input parameter to be controlled using PLC and is measured using a temperature sensor. The SCADA system acquires the required data and monitors the overall process. http://ijaems.com/detail/controlling-of-plc-for-grain-storage-systems-using-scada/ K. Saraswathi http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/13 IJAEMS-JUN-2017-23-Controlling of PLC for Grain Storage Systems.pdf Chitosan (CH) consists of water-insoluble N-acetylglucosamine and D-glucosamine molecules and has a higher solubility at a pH below six. This studyevaluated the solubility of chitosan in solutions of organic acids for the formation of films. HyperChemTMsoftware was used to perform the quantum analysis. In the experimental trials, the total soluble mass (TSM) and the viscosity of the solutions were measured by capillary viscometer. The chitosan filmswere made by the plate melting method, and the filmcharacteristics were evaluated. A quantum simulation suggested that lactic acid (LA) has a greater stability to react with chitosan. It was then verified experimentally that LA is a better solvent for chitosan due to the increase in its viscosity. The chemical interaction between CH and LA in solution favors the polymerization of films with better physical properties. We thereforeconclude that the uniformity in the formation of films of this polymer depends on the chemical interaction between the CH and the acid and not on the degree of solubility of the polymer. http://ijaems.com/detail/experimental-study-and-calculation-of-the-electron-transfer-coefficients-on-the-dissolution-behavior-of-chitosan-in-organic-acids/ Prudencio Fidel Pacheco-Garcia, Andrea Perez-Gonzalez, Alejandra Ramos-Flores, Lillhian Arely Flores-Gonzalez, Juan Manuel Lopez-Oglesby, Manuel Gonzalez-Perez http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/14 IJAEMS-JUN-2017-21-Experimental study and calculation of the electron transfer.pdf Data on energy consumption, global warming, and carbon di-oxide levels in the environment, industrial pollution, and population is growing extensively which means there are more and more challenges with less sustainability, which leads to think about Green Manufacturing. Consumerism driven consumption in developed countries and population in developing countries is leading to tremendous demand for goods and services. Fulfilling such ever increasing global demands is putting up the pressures on limited resources viz materials and energy. Unfortunately rate of depletion of material and energy has outgrown the rate at which nature recovers stroke restores them back. With this ever widening gap the day is not far for our future generations to strive for basic needs. To overcome this challenge society must embrace sustainable methodologies and practices. Being the source of maximum industrial pollution manufacturing industries must lead the way toward Green Manufacturing. The paper gives an overview of Green Manufacturing, drivers of Green manufacturing, and case studies of Green manufacturing. http://ijaems.com/detail/green-manufacturing-an-overview/ Snehal Junnarkar, Geetha S, Ujwala Pandharkar, A. J. Parmar, Meera Kokate http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/15 IJAEMS-JUL-2017-3-Green Manufacturing - An overview.pdf