http://ijaems.com/ Open Access international Journal to publish research paper en-us March 2020 Three-phase grid-connected inverters using solar energy are applied very popular with large capacity. These inverters usually have input power sources in the direct current (DC) that varies according to the weather conditions. The DC voltage often needs to boost up the higher voltage level to be in accordance with the output voltage of inverters. Then, the output voltage of the DC/DC boost converter is in the form of DC voltage. In order to measure this DC value in the two-stage inverters, the existing methods usually use isolated voltage sensors. This paper presents a strategy for estimating the DC voltage value of inverters without using sensors in order to reduce cost and volume for inverters. The proposed method contributes to decreasing the price of inverters while ensuring the power quality of inverter outputs. The simulated results on MATLAB/Simulink have validated the performance of the presented solution. http://ijaems.com/detail/sensor-less-dc-voltage-control-for-grid-connected-inverters/ Quang-Tho Tran, Quang-Hieu Nguyen http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/1IJAEMS-10220207-Sensor-less.pdf This research is targeted at locally produced iron (Fe) based arc welding electrodes, using mill scales from Ajaokuta Steel Company Limited (ASCL). Mill scale was collected, prepared into pulverized form and analyzed using X-ray fluorescence spectrometer machine. The result of the analysis showed predominantly (more than 96%) iron, which is an important constituent of iron oxide electrode coatings. The flux compositions were generated using Hadamard multivariate chemical model, by which fifteen different flux compositions were formulated within given trial ranges of the constituent flux elements. Three of the flux compositions formulated were used for the coatings of the electrodes. The percentage compositions of the three different fluxes were A(X1=40%, X2=25%, X3=15%, X4=8%, X5=5%, X6=3%, X7=4%), B(X1=43%, X2=25%, X3=10%, X4=10%, X5=5%, X6=3%, X7=4%) and C(X1=44%, X2=30%, X3=10%, X4=8%, X5=3%, X6=3%, X7=2%). Where X1=mill scales, X2=sodium silicate, X3=calcium carbonate, X4=manganese dioxide, X5=silica, X6=calcium fluoride and X7=feldspar. The elemental composition of the mill scale, using the modern XRF machine shows that Fe, Ti and Mn were found to be major constituent elements, with Fe constituting more than 96% of the total contents. Other elements such as P, Cu, Ni and Cr were found to be present in traces. Also the elemental compositions of the steel core wire used for the research was found to be within the specification of mild steel, according to ASTM standard which states the percentage of carbon for mild steel as 0.05 – 0.25%, Manganese not to be more than 1.65% while Silicon should not be more than 0.6% http://ijaems.com/detail/formulation-and-production-of-arc-welding-electrode-coated-with-mill-scale-based-flux-locally-sourced-from-ajaokuta-steel-company-limited-in-nigeria/ Aliyu Ogueyi Abdulsalam, Aminu Onimisi Ibrahim, Enebe Vincent http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/2IJAEMS-10220202-Formulation.pdf The aim of this study is to observe and assess the performance of Psychrotrophic Gram-negative bacteria, namely Pseudomonas fluorescens, which pose a significant spoilage problem in food, under different temperature, water activity (aw) and pH conditions. Noting that at aw 0.6 and 0.75 irrespective of temperature or pH and at temperatures 600 and 1000C irrespective of water activity or pH no survival was recorded. The D-value (Decimal reduction time) at 40, 250, 370 and 420C differ significantly, with the one at 370C was significantly the highest and that at 420C was significantly the lowest. The optimum conditions were found to be at pH=6, aw=0.97 and temperature=370C showing the significantly lowest generation time (7.69 min). At pH=6, aw=0.97 and temperatures of 40 and 250C we have significantly different generation times of 46.75 and 10.9 min respectively. Concerning the z-value it was calculated at pH=4 (high acid food), pH=6 (low acid food) and pH=8 (alkaline food), at aw 0.82, 0.93 and 0.97 and from consequent D-values at temperatures 40, 250, 370 and 420C and was shown to be 25.31±3.68. Outside of the optimum conditions, Pseudomonas fluorescens died at different rates. Within all pH-values, D-values at 420C were significantly the lowest when compared to those at 40, 250 and 370C among the different aw-values. Thus changing only one factor, either storage temperature, pH or aw out of the optimum neighborhood will lead to the reduction of this bacteria, although at different rates. http://ijaems.com/detail/generation-time-d-and-z-values-of-pseudomonas-fluorescens-under-different-temperature-water-activity-and-ph-conditions/ Ossama Dimassi, Marwa Rizq, Raymond Akiki, Fatima El Hajj, Mohammad Rached, Issam Kaddoura http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/3IJAEMS-10320201-Generation.pdf School Leaders are modifiers of teaching and learning, crucial to maintaining good teachers and necessary for improving educational standards. This study described Standards of School Leadership in terms of: Leading Learning and Teaching Domain, Leading School Development Domain, Organizational Management Domain, and Professional Growth and Development Domain. The descriptive method of research was used in this study. A total of 107 tertiary school teachers which have permanent appointment or considered as regular employee for more than 3 years were surveyed around Nueva Ecija. After analyses of data, the following conclusions were formulated: first, domains of school leadership can be viewed from leading learning and teaching, leading school development, organizational management, and professional growth and development. Second, among these domains, organizational management was found to be the focus of school leaders. Third, school leaders create a culture of professional learning that fosters continuous improvement in learning, teaching and assessment. Fourth, school leaders engage in a continuous process of evidence-based school self-evaluation. Fifth, ensure the safe functioning of the school on a day-to-day basis. Last, school leaders recognize the need to manage workload to ensure a sustainable work/life balance. The researchers want to recommend some matters based from the formulated conclusions. It is indeed noticeable that organizational management is the main focus of the school leaders thus, it is recommended that school leaders should not let other domains of school leadership be taken for granted. Continuous harnessing on the strengths based on the standards is highly recommended. On the others hand, strengthening of the following is also recommended: school leaders should foster a commitment to inclusion and equality of opportunity of each student; promote communication within the school and manage challenging and complex situations and build professional networks with other school leaders. http://ijaems.com/detail/domains-and-standards-of-school-leadership-evaluation-of-tertiary-school-teachers/ Angelo R. Santos, Rita L. Cajucom http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/4IJAEMS-10320202-Domains.pdf Faced with the pressure of economic downturn and structural transformation, high debt leverage has become a prominent problem of China's economic development. This article takes 2007-2018 annual data of non-financial companies listed on A-shares as an example, analyzes the influencing factors of Chinese corporations’ leverage, the empirical results find that macroeconomic environment have a significant impact on corporate debt leverage ratio, and sufficient liquidity is conducive to increasing the willingness of enterprises to expand reproduction and has a positive impact on corporate debt leverage. Financial market factors have a significant impact on corporate debt leverage ratios, the greater the financial institution's support for the real economy, the stronger the company's ability to obtain debt financing. The operation indicators of enterprises have a significant impact on the corporate debt leverage ratios, profitability and leverage ratios have a negative correlation, and this negative correlation is the most significant of all influencing factors. http://ijaems.com/detail/the-influencing-factors-of-chinese-corporations-leverage/ Jiaming Lin http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/5IJAEMS-10320206-TheInfluencing.pdf This research aims to determine the factors that influence the level of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosures after International Financial Reporting Standards convergence by testing the effect of Institutional Ownership, Public Ownership, Board of Independent Commissioner Size and Company Size on Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosures index. Sample used are mining sector companies that listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange for period 2013-2016. The sources of the data were taken from audited financial reports and annual reports and sample were 19 banks which taken by using purposive sampling. This research uses quantitative approach with multiple linier regression analysis. The results show that institutional ownership, public ownership and company size have a positive and significant effect on corporate social responsibility disclosures. There is no evidence to suggest that board of independent commissioner size have any effect on corporate social responsibility disclosures. The results simultaneously show that Institutional Ownership, Public Ownership, Board of Independent Commissioner Size and Company Size have an influence on Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosures.. http://ijaems.com/detail/post-ifrs-convergence-investigation-corporate-social-responsibility-disclosure-in-relation-to-good-corporate-governance-and-company-size/ Lince Bulutoding, Abd. Hamid Habbe, Rika Dwi Ayu Parmitasari, Suhartono http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/6IJAEMS-10320208-PostIFRS.pdf This paper discussed the impact of rice tariffication law in selected farmers in a certain barangay in Nueva Ecija, Philippines. The descriptive method of research was utilized and the questionnaire served as the instrument for collecting data. Findings showed that the initial impact of the law that had already experienced by the selected farmers was the declining farm gate prices of “palay”. This situation affected their income and livelihood. Despite this problem, most of the farmers responded that they would continue in rice farming because this is the only way they know how to earn a living. As initial support from the government, most of the respondents received free certified inbred seeds and availed rice credit assistance with minimal interest rates. Additionally, they were given trainings to enhance their skills and knowledge of rice production. http://ijaems.com/detail/impact-of-rice-tariffication-law-in-selected-rice-farmers-in-nueva-ecija-philippines/ Mae Flor Vertudes, Christopher Dave Musa, Mary Ann Cosilet, Rommel Salagubang, Felipe Balaria http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/7IJAEMS-10320209-ImpactofRice.pdf This paper presents the simulation results of using a static synchronous compensator (D-STATCOM) based on voltage source converter (VSC) to enhance voltage stability and improve the stability of the actual Pleiku Power System. The PI controller based D-STATCOM is applied to stabilize and improve voltage waveforms at load buses in the studied power system under three-phase short circuit fault. Simulation results in a time domain are presented to show effectiveness of using the D-STATCOM for stability and improvement of voltage quality when small disturbances occur, and of enhancing voltage magnitude, mitigating voltage oscillation in transient conditions under a severe disturbance in the power system. http://ijaems.com/detail/stability-enhancement-of-pleiku-power-system-using-a-distribution-static-synchronous-compensator-d-statcom/ Nguyen Thi Mi Sa http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/8IJAEMS-103202011-Stability.pdf As a tropical country(Philippines), it is important to find natural resources, such as plants, which could have different impact to the community and the government. This paper determined the level of awareness of households on the utilization and socio-economic benefits of achuete. Also, this paper described the economic impact and social benefits on the commercialization of achuete. This paper used descriptive method. A total of 120 households were surveyed using a questionnaire with likert-scale responses. Based on the data gathered, household respondents were mostly high school graduates having a small household size and living for more than 21 years in their locality. Farmer respondents were moderately aware on the uses of Atsuete plant, its economic benefits, and its social impact. On the other hand, respondents were somewhat aware on its socio-economic and health benefits. Their awareness on the uses of annatto plants focus on its benefits for food preparation, can be used as synthetic colorant, and could be a potential source of income. Likewie, the know that planting and producing Atsuete plants may give benefits for the income of the family. Therefore, recommendations for regarding the results of the study are as follows: (1) agencies related to production of Atsuete should provide programs to increase awareness of rural households on the socio-economic and health benefits of Atsuete; (2) appropriate technology must be identified to enhance the production of Atsuete plants; (3) there must be policy recommendation on the production and utilization of Atsuete; and (4) there should also be a focus on the market enhancement of Atsuete plants to help households to have an economic benefit for them. http://ijaems.com/detail/awareness-of-households-to-the-benefits-of-achuete-bixa-orellana-in-central-luzon/ Geena Baltazar Hipolito http://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/9IJAEMS-10920202-Awareness.pdf