http://ijaems.com/ Open Access international Journal to publish research paper en-us The study examines theoretical foundations for managerial decision-making on the implementation of artificial intelligence technologies in software products under conditions of accelerated prototyping, AI-supported software engineering workflows, and data-driven product development. The objective is to construct a conceptual decision model that links decision theory, organizational readiness, AI governance, and modern software product management practices. Within the research, existing approaches to AI-based decision-making, organizational AI implementation, and AI-driven software engineering are systematized. The conditions for the reliable deployment of AI functionality into production-grade software are analyzed. Special attention is paid to data quality, digital maturity, and responsible AI governance as determinants of adoption decisions. The methodological base combines a targeted review of recent scientific literature, comparative analysis of conceptual frameworks, and synthesis of a multi-level decision model for product leaders. The conclusions outline the stages and criteria for decision-making on AI implementation in software products, and provide practical guidelines for product leaders and software engineering managers seeking to evaluate AI opportunities, structure experimentation, and align AI-enabled prototyping with long-term product strategy and trust. http://ijaems.com/detail/theoretical-foundations-of-decision-making-for-implementing-artificial-intelligence-technologies-in-software-products/ Elena Levi http://ijaems.com/uploads_images/issue_files/1IJAEMS-102202614-Theoretical.pdf The need for robotic arm control in the realm of industrial automation is growing as technology progresses. In view of the challenges of speed step, external disturbance, and joint friction leading to loss of control accuracy in robotic arm trajectory tracking, the classic PID control system is difficult to meet the requirements of high precision operation. In order to maximize dynamic responsiveness, this research suggests a fuzzy PID control scheme 1. In the MATLAB Simulink environment, the KUKA KR6R700 six axis robotic arm serves as the simulation object. The results demonstrate that compared with the traditional PID control system, the fuzzy PID control system shortens the joint adjustment time by 43.72 percent reduced by 2.37 seconds, considerably improves the fit of the robotic arm joint trajectory, and has less trajectory deviation and smoother transition. Its capacity to retain strong robustness and trajectory tracking even in challenging work situations is particularly impressive. According to the research, the suggested approach can significantly increase the motion control accuracy of robotic arms in automated production workshops. http://ijaems.com/detail/fuzzy-pid-control-performance-analysis-for-robotic-arm-system-research/ Zhi-Jian Tan, Ho-Sheng Chen http://ijaems.com/uploads_images/issue_files/2IJAEMS-10320261-Fuzzy.pdf The article compares static and dynamic approaches to constructing factor investment strategies, focusing on performance, risks, and practical implementation. The aim of the study is to formalize criteria for selecting a factor portfolio architecture that accounts for the cyclicality of premia, liquidity constraints, and transaction costs, and to clarify under which conditions a more complex dynamic specification is justified relative to fixed rules. The relevance of the work is driven by the widespread adoption of factor investing and, simultaneously, by mounting doubts regarding the persistence of premia and the out-of-sample transportability of factor-timing results. The scientific contribution lies in a comprehensive typology of static and dynamic schemes (exposure timing, volatility scaling, regime filters), an explicit treatment of premium degradation channels via costs, capacity, and model risk, and the rationale for a hybrid design with a robust static core and a minimally parametric dynamic risk-management layer. The main findings indicate that static strategies are superior in terms of interpretability and robustness to overfitting, whereas dynamic constructions can increase return density per unit of risk at the cost of greater sensitivity to estimation errors and to the structure of trading frictions. The article is intended for portfolio managers, risk managers, and researchers engaged in developing and testing factor strategies. http://ijaems.com/detail/comparative-analysis-of-static-and-dynamic-approaches-to-constructing-factor-investment-strategies/ Abdelmadjid Laouedj http://ijaems.com/uploads_images/issue_files/3IJAEMS-102202615-Comparative.pdf This paper presents the design of a reconfigurable multi-form robot integrating UAV, hexapod biomimetic, and wheeled structures based on modular principles. The system utilizes an Arduino platform with Mega2560 microcontroller for joint motor control and a dedicated flight control module for brushless motor regulation. Physical prototyping is achieved through 3D printing technology, with detachable joint and arm structures enabling flexible module replacement and expansion. Ultrasonic sensors are incorporated to provide obstacle avoidance functionality. The proposed design demonstrates a practical approach to developing adaptable robotic systems for diverse application scenarios. http://ijaems.com/detail/a-novel-design-approach-for-extended-modular-intelligent-robots/ He-Rong Lee, Wei Lee, Ming-Hui Huang, Chun-Chi Chang, Ho-Sheng Chen http://ijaems.com/uploads_images/issue_files/4IJAEMS-10320262-ANovel.pdf The study examines models and architectural concepts of AI agents embedded in financial operations to support autonomous payroll processing in multi-region, compliance-sensitive environments. The research focus lies on agentic patterns that orchestrate payroll data flows end-to-end over ACID-compliant lakehouse platforms, feature stores, and metadata-driven orchestration layers. The work synthesizes current literature on AI agents in finance, autonomous decision systems, data lakehouse architectures, and feature-store-centric machine learning pipelines, and combines it with design patterns emerging in production-grade payroll and HR systems. Particular attention is given to deterministic computation graphs, idempotent pipelines, concurrency-safe merge patterns, and real-time observability for reconciliation and audit. The article aims to formulate a conceptual model of an autonomous payroll stack, outline classes of domain-specific agents, and identify their limitations and governance needs. The material is intended for researchers and practitioners in AI, data engineering, and financial systems design. http://ijaems.com/detail/models-and-concepts-of-ai-agents-in-financial-operations-for-autonomous-payroll-processing/ Shanmuka Siva Varma Chekuri http://ijaems.com/uploads_images/issue_files/5IJAEMS-102202617-Models.pdf The article examines how visual communication practices in academic marketing shape stakeholder perception when universities deploy digital assets across websites and short-form video platforms. Relevance is driven by intensified competition for attention, heightened sensitivity to credibility signals in digitally mediated interactions, and expanding use of AI-supported creative production. Novelty lies in integrating evidence on visual design richness and processing outcomes, institutional visual identity effects, and the trust consequences of AI-related disclosures into a single analytic account of stakeholder judgment formation. The study aims to explain how specific categories of digital assets—identity systems, still imagery, motion graphics, short videos, and AI-generated creative—alter perceived credibility, institutional reputation, and behavioral intentions among prospective students, current students, alums, donors, and partners. The work applies analytical synthesis of recent peer-reviewed research and open research outputs, using comparative analysis and structured source review. The conclusion formulates design and governance implications for academic marketing teams seeking higher persuasion efficiency under trust constraints. http://ijaems.com/detail/visual-communication-in-academic-marketing-the-impact-of-digital-assets-on-stakeholder-perception/ Simran Ratnani http://ijaems.com/uploads_images/issue_files/6IJAEMS-10320263-Visual.pdf In the manufacturing industry, the current common practice for quality traceability and anomaly detection is to purchase a large number of inspection devices and implement full inspection of semi-finished and finished products to fulfill quality assurance commitments to customers. However, this approach consumes significant production time, labor, and related resources. Therefore, to save costs, many factories currently adopt "manual sampling inspection" for quality monitoring, but this method fails to achieve comprehensive quality management. To prevent the escalation of losses caused by defective products and to improve yield rates, full inspection of all finished products at a high cost becomes necessary.The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)-embedded fastener forming process system, through sensor deployment and machine networking to collect big data, can avoid decision-making models that previously relied solely on experienced operators and the substantial losses caused by delayed responses. This system eliminates the need to maintain inventory and tie up capital to handle large quantities of scrapped products. The approach described in this paper can halt machine operation before anomalies occur, preventing the escalation of losses. More importantly, through the recording of historical data, it enables traceability of factors related to personnel, machines, materials, methods, measurement, and environments—namely, 5M1E. Big data analysis of processing conditions helps identify the root causes of anomalies and implement effective countermeasures to achieve optimal condition settings, while also extending the manufacturing lifecycle. http://ijaems.com/detail/application-of-industrial-internet-of-things-in-fastener-forming-process-quality/ Chih-Wei Hsu http://ijaems.com/uploads_images/issue_files/7IJAEMS-10320267-Application.pdf This article examines orchestrated multi-agent large language model trading frameworks through the paired lenses of policy convergence and explainable stability. The topic has gained urgency because recent financial agent systems increasingly rely on distributed deliberation, memory, critique, and risk filtering, while evaluation practice still privileges return metrics over decision coherence and rationale persistence. The aim is to formulate an analytical framework for assessing whether specialized agents move toward a stable executable policy and whether the accompanying explanation remains consistent under workflow pressure, market variability, and iterative revision. The study draws on recent work in explainable AI for finance, explainable reinforcement learning, multi-agent reinforcement learning, quantitative trading, and LLM-based financial agents. Comparative source analysis, conceptual structuring, analytical synthesis, and cross-framework interpretation were applied. The analytical section identifies four determinants of stability: evidence discipline, deliberative topology, risk-gating logic, and adaptive memory control. The resulting framework supports research design, model auditing, and architecture selection for high-stakes AI trading systems. http://ijaems.com/detail/policy-convergence-and-explainable-stability-in-orchestrated-multi-agent-llm-trading-frameworks/ Shourya Dewansh http://ijaems.com/uploads_images/issue_files/8IJAEMS-10320266-Policy.pdf To improve the control performance of conventional PID controllers in nonlinear and time-varying uncertain systems, a fuzzy neural network PID control algorithm is proposed. This approach integrates the nonlinear control advantages of fuzzy logic with the self-learning and adaptive characteristics of neural networks to achieve real-time online tuning of PID parameters. Based on the mathematical model of an electro-hydraulic servo control system, a fuzzy neural network PID control system model is developed. Taking the control system of a transplanting manipulator as a case study, simulations are conducted using Matlab/Simulink, with the transfer function of the electro-hydraulic servo control system serving as the controlled object. The tracking performance of different control systems is evaluated by comparing traditional PID control, Type-1 fuzzy PID control, interval Type-2 fuzzy PID control, and fuzzy neural network PID control methods employing various membership functions. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the fuzzy neural network PID controller exhibits superior control performance compared to traditional PID control, Type-1 fuzzy PID control, and interval Type-2 fuzzy PID control in the target system. http://ijaems.com/detail/fuzzy-pid-intelligent-control-of-system-model/ Hung Yu Chen, Zi Xian Huang, Ming Hui Huang, Zou Zheng Hao Dong, Ho Sheng Chen http://ijaems.com/uploads_images/issue_files/9IJAEMS-103202610-Fuzzy.pdf Manufacturing enterprises through 2030 face compounded pressures: persistent supply chain volatility, continued cost pressure, rapid skills disruption, growing operational technology (OT) cybersecurity exposure, and intensifying sustainability and carbon-related compliance requirements. Although these challenges are widely documented, many organizations struggle to convert them into coherent, scalable transformation programs. This paper presents a structured narrative review and introduces a Mitigation Operating Model (MOM) that links external pressures to internal managerial failure modes and governance mechanisms. Evidence is synthesized from authoritative industry outlooks, global benchmark programs on industrial transformation, policy and standards bodies, and peer-reviewed research on resilience, digital transformation, and performance measurement behavior. The review identifies six recurring failure modes that inhibit scaling: unclear decision rights, weak KPI architecture and incentive alignment, low data integrity, fragmented transformation portfolios, insufficient capability building, and under-managed interfaces between operations and risk/compliance. The MOM consolidates actionable levers—data stewardship, cadence-based performance management, portfolio stage-gates, OT risk controls, and compliance-ready measurement—into a blueprint for prioritizing initiatives under constraints of capital and talent. The review concludes that the highest-leverage interventions institutionalize ownership and measurement integrity before scaling digital/AI http://ijaems.com/detail/top-challenges-for-manufacturing-enterprises-through-2030-a-structured-review-and-mitigation-operating-model/ Dmitrii Voistrocheko http://ijaems.com/uploads_images/issue_files/10IJAEMS-102202618-TopChallenges.pdf The article addresses the development and validation of risk based steam sterilization cycles for mixed biopharmaceutical loads by integrating thermodynamic mapping with FMEA methodology. The relevance of the work is driven by increasingly stringent regulatory expectations and the limitations of template autoclave cycles, which do not ensure reliable air removal or the uniform attainment of sterilizing conditions in complex, porous, and combined loads. The aim of the study is to establish a scientifically justified model for cycle design that ensures not only the attainment of the required lethality and SAL levels, but also their robust defensibility before regulators. Methodologically, the work is grounded in the Quality by Design paradigm and a mixed methods research design that includes high frequency thermal mapping using wireless data loggers in typical mixed loads, lethality calculation, and a modified FMEA that directly links cycle parameters (vacuum pulses, heating rate, equilibration time) to specific failure modes. It is shown that an unsuccessful cycle is characterized by thermodynamic instability, persistent air pockets, and failure to reach the minimum temperature of 121 C at the critical point, whereas an optimized cycle with intensified vacuuming exhibits rapid equilibration less than 15 s, a narrow temperature corridor of 121 to 124 C, and excess lethality F0 approximately 29 to 32 min that substantially exceeds the overkill criterion. The scientific novelty lies in treating the mixed load as a dynamic risk object and in proposing a hierarchy of acceptance criteria, placing primary emphasis on physical indicators such as P T correlation, equilibration time, and absence of cold spots, with integral lethality used as a derived parameter. The article is intended for validation engineers, quality assurance specialists, and biopharmaceutical process developers involved in the design and defense of steam sterilization cycles. http://ijaems.com/detail/risk-based-autoclave-steam-sterilization-cycle-design-and-validation-for-mixed-biopharmaceutical-loads-thermodynamic-mapping-integrated-with-fmea/ Pujari Prasantha http://ijaems.com/uploads_images/issue_files/11IJAEMS-10320269-Risk-Based.pdf The leapfrog evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is profoundly reshaping the operational logic of legal practice and the normative dimensions of legal ethics. Drawing upon cutting-edge scholarship from 2019 to 2025, this paper systematically examines the paradigm shift at the intersection of law and AI through three critical lenses: technological empowerment, ethical conflicts, and regulatory pathways. Technologically, Generative AI (GenAI) has transitioned from a mere auxiliary tool to a pivotal "actor" within legal practice. While the integration of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and associated technologies has mitigated model hallucinations and enhanced algorithmic explainability, the inherent risks posed by technological boundaries remain substantial. Ethically, GenAI exerts systemic pressure on attorneys' duties of competence and confidentiality. By analyzing judicial precedents such as the UK High Court's Ayinde case, this study underscores the urgency of reconstructing professional responsibility and advocates for a recalibrated ethical framework through the lens of the "inevitability of bias." Regulatorily, the "legislative-driven" model of the EU, the "market-led" approach of the US, and the "consensus-building" strategy of international organizations exhibit distinct governance characteristics, whereas the concept of "co-regulation" provides a theoretical foundation for coupling technical standards with legal frameworks. Research indicates that the legal order in the AI era is at a critical juncture, transitioning from "heterogeneous isomorphism" toward "organic integration." Future scholarship should prioritize empirical validation, deepen cross-jurisdictional comparisons, and facilitate the collaborative design of technical solutions and ethical principles, thereby fostering a holistic paradigm update in legal education and institutional design. http://ijaems.com/detail/technological-coupling-and-ethical-reconstruction-a-systematic-inquiry-into-the-legal-paradigm-shift-in-the-ai-era/ Bingying Zhou http://ijaems.com/uploads_images/issue_files/12IJAEMS-103202611-Technological.pdf Environmental disclosure is a corporate practice in Cameroon. But very little empirical understanding about the environmental aspects of information disseminated in sustainability reports exist. Hence, the principal goal of this study is to provide an insight on the overall features of environmental information disclosed by industrial enterprises in their sustainability reports. In order to achieve this objective, descriptive qualitative research was carried out based on the content analysis involving a multiple case study of 12 sustainability reports of 4 industrial enterprises from 2018 to 2021. The content analysis reveals that 7 environmental themes are consistently disclosed by industrial enterprises, with emission (greenhouse gas) and energy (energy consumption and reduction) being the most and least disclosed environmental themes respectively. Also, the disseminated environmental information is mostly positive and narrative in nature. The non-integration of monetary information in sustainability reports highlight the necessity for the competent accounting body in the OHADA zone to design a distinct accounting reporting framework for non-financial information. http://ijaems.com/detail/environmental-disclosure-in-cameroon-s-industrial-sector-insights-from-case-studies/ Bleck Capouell Tegofack http://ijaems.com/uploads_images/issue_files/13IJAEMS-10320265-Environmental.pdf The article examines the methodological transition from the use of standard accuracy metrics to risk-oriented modelling in the design of hybrid intelligent systems embedded in a management and control loop. The relevance of the approach stems from the fact that, in real processes, the quality of a solution is determined by the probability of undesired events, the magnitude of their consequences, and the speed of error detection and reversibility in the operational environment. The aim of the work is to translate the evaluation of intelligent models from the plane of numerical indicators into the language of systemic risk associated with people, infrastructure, and organisational procedures. The scientific novelty lies in integrating cost-sensitive error assessment, class imbalance analysis, and data shifts with an architectural description of hybrid (neuro-symbolic) systems, in which risk is distributed along the entire chain: data – model – rules – human – action. Accuracy metrics are proposed to be treated as particular input characteristics within a more general scheme for managing undesired events, defined by loss functions, barrier architecture, traceability, explainability, and controlled degradation modes. It is shown that, under class imbalance, label defects, and drifting data, the choice of metric and thresholds becomes a methodological decision that directly influences actual damage rather than a technical detail of the experiment. A conclusion is formulated on the necessity of shifting acceptance criteria from maximising aggregated metrics to constraining expected loss and ensuring risk controllability at the level of the hybrid system as a whole. The article is intended for researchers and engineers developing and deploying risk-sensitive intelligent systems in safety-critical and regulated domains. http://ijaems.com/detail/methodological-aspects-of-the-transition-from-accuracy-metrics-to-risk-modelling-in-the-design-of-hybrid-intelligent-systems/ Bezhentsev Yurii http://ijaems.com/uploads_images/issue_files/14IJAEMS-103202613-Methodological.pdf The article examines architectural and engineering approaches for integrating artificial intelligence algorithms into on-board vehicle diagnostic and control systems. Relevance follows from software-defined vehicles, Electronic Control Unit (ECU) density, and the need to convert On-Board Diagnostics II (OBD-II) and Controller Area Network (CAN) telemetry into dependable decisions under real-time and safety constraints. Novelty consists of a synthesis that links data acquisition and preprocessing, model families for fault prediction, multi-fault diagnosis, and intrusion detection, and deployment patterns spanning in-vehicle compute with cloud/edge services. The objective is to systematize design decisions that yield robust diagnostics, interpretable outputs for service workflows, and controlled mitigation actions. Methods comprise comparative analysis of recent publications, taxonomy building across task types, and architectural decomposition of pipelines. The source base covers OBD-II machine learning, deep-learning predictive maintenance, attention-based fault prediction, explainable multi-fault diagnosis, CAN intrusion detection, connected-vehicle platforms, deterministic AUTOSAR Adaptive communication, and ML-aware functional-safety extensions. The article targets automotive software engineers, data scientists, and platform architects. http://ijaems.com/detail/integration-of-artificial-intelligence-algorithms-into-on-board-vehicle-diagnostic-and-control-systems/ Madugula Abhiram http://ijaems.com/uploads_images/issue_files/15IJAEMS-103202612-Integration.pdf The article presents a theoretical and methodological analysis of architectural patterns for ensuring security in distributed applications operating in cloud environments. The study integrates microservice protection models, access control mechanisms, methods for identifying architectural vulnerabilities, and configuration-analysis approaches into a unified framework for designing secure cloud-native systems. It is shown that the structure of modern applications is defined by dynamic component orchestration, distributed trust boundaries, and a highly variable environment, which together form a specific set of threats and constraints. The paper proposes a conceptual model of multilayer protection that includes network segmentation, privilege separation, configuration-integrity control, cryptographically reinforced trust mechanisms, and automated anomaly detection. This model is considered as a foundation for aligning the behavior of services, the container runtime, and security policies. The study establishes that insufficient formalization of architectural decisions leads to risk-assessment bias and reduced system predictability. Promising directions for advancing architectural security are substantiated, including the integration of telemetry-driven analysis, adaptive recovery mechanisms, enhanced privilege-management models, and formalized maturity metrics. The article may be useful for architects, engineers, and researchers involved in designing secure distributed applications under conditions of high automation and regulatory pressure. http://ijaems.com/detail/modern-architectural-patterns-for-ensuring-security-in-cloud-native-applications/ Praveen Ravula http://ijaems.com/uploads_images/issue_files/16IJAEMS-10420266-Modern.pdf This article examines how ISO 14971 requirements can be embedded into the design processes of Class III life-sustaining medical devices as an operating design discipline. The subject is relevant because implantable and life-sustaining systems combine severe clinical consequences of failure with complex interactions among materials, software, mechanical components, and use conditions. The aim is to develop an analytical model for integrating risk management into design planning, evidence generation, and lifecycle control. The study relies on recent scientific and regulatory publications focused on high-risk devices, implantable systems, quality system regulation, post-market surveillance, cybersecurity, and clinical evaluation. Comparative analysis, conceptual synthesis, and analytical generalization were used. The analytical part shows that effective integration requires early hazard framing, traceability between risk controls and verification evidence, and continuous transfer of post-market signals into design change logic. The proposed interpretation has practical value for quality engineering, design reviews, and regulatory readiness of Class III medical technologies. http://ijaems.com/detail/integration-of-iso-14971-requirements-into-the-design-processes-of-class-iii-life-sustaining-medical-devices/ Sandeep Reddy Koppula http://ijaems.com/uploads_images/issue_files/17IJAEMS-10420265-Integration.pdf In today’s world, underground power cables are an increasingly popular method of distributing electricity for power distribution networks because they provide increased safety and reliability and they are less susceptible to being affected by environmental disruptions. Locating faults in underground cables can be very challenging and time-consuming due to the fact that the cables are typically not easily accessed for inspection purposes. The proposed project will utilize an Arduino microcontroller to develop an underground cable fault detection system based on the microcontroller and voltage and current sensors and a display device to continuously monitor the cable’s electrical properties. The fault detection system will use Ohm’s Law to detect fault conditions such as line-to-ground, line-to-line, open-circuit and three-phase using the properties of electricity. The proposed project is cost effective and provides a user-friendly and reliable method for detecting faults within underground cable systems. The time required to detect faults will be significantly reduced, with maintenance costs decreasing and the average length of time to remain without being powered-up due to a fault also decreasing. The proposed method is suitable for use in Smart Grids, Industrial, and Community types of applications. http://ijaems.com/detail/real-time-underground-cable-fault-detection-using-arduino-platform/ Kautilya Jangid, Aditya Chouhan, Ankit Loyal, Aman Yadav, Vikas Ranveer Singh Mahala http://ijaems.com/uploads_images/issue_files/18IJAEMS-10420268-Real-Time.pdf Concrete is the most important material used in many construction applications. The multistorey buildings are constructed of ordinary concrete, steel and other materials and are subjected to heavy loads requiring heavy construction and may not be cost effective. But the structural lightweight concrete produced using lightweight aggregates may reduce the dead load of the structure, so now a days it is used in construction of multistorey buildings. Concrete is considered as light weight concrete which has density of less than 2000 kg/m3. In this research, a G+10 multistorey plan irregular building is analysed with structural lightweight concrete using perlite as a fine aggregate and normal weight concrete using the Response Spectrum Method under different seismic zones and Time History Method for Bhuj earthquake. The parameters like storey displacement, storey drift, storey shear and overturning moments are considered and the results of NWC and SLWC buildings are compared. From the results obtained it is observed that seismic damages are considerably reduced in structural lightweight concrete buildings as compared to normal weight concrete buildings. http://ijaems.com/detail/seismic-analysis-of-g-10-storey-building-using-structural-lightweight-and-normal-weight-a-review/ Er. Shubham Rathod, Prof. Satish Sahebrao Manal http://ijaems.com/uploads_images/issue_files/19IJAEMS-10420261-Seismic.pdf