Classification Sensing Image of Remote Using Landsat 8 through Unsupervised Classification Technique (Case Study of Bangkalan Regency)

Bangkalan regency is classified as a new regency which is located East Java, Indonesia. This regency possesses several potential areas in agriculture, plantation, and fishery. This research employs image analysis process of remote sensing satellite Landsat 8 in Bangkalan regency. This research uses Landsat 8 satellite image processing method from image data collection stage to classification stage by using unsupervised classification technique. This method produces land appearance, such as agriculture, ponds, and settlements in Bangkalan regency. This research classification result can be used as a reference of vegetation coverage in Bangkalan regency. Based on the research result, rice field vegetation is very dominant compared to other areas in Bangkalan Regency. Rice field vegetation coverage is much more dominant than other coverage such as residential area. The main objective of this study is to obtain the scale of comparison or area percentage in Bangkalan.


I. INTRODUCTION
One of the districts in East Java is Bangkalan regency which is geographically located in the westernmost part of Madura Island. Bangkalan Regency possess an area of 1,260.14 km2 is located between 112 ° 40 '06 "-113 ° 08' 04" East Longitude and 6 ° 51 '39 "-7 ° 11' 39" South Latitude. The Regency is adjacent to Sampang Regency in the east, Madura Strait / Gresik Regency in the west, the Java Sea in the north and Madura Strait / Surabaya City in the south. Bangkalan Regency administratively consists of 18 districts, 273 villages and 8 hamlets.
Bangkalan is located at one end of Madura island. It is a very profitable location because it is adjacent to Surabaya city which is a trading center in East Java. Bangkalan Regency is a development area of Kertasusila Gate and is included in Surabaya City Development or better known as Surabaya Urban Development Policy. With the construction of the Suramadu bridge connecting the land routes between Surabaya and Bangkalan as well as the international seaports and container terminals, Bangkalan possesses positive impact on economic development especially investment in Bangkalan Regency. The agricultural sector plays an important role in Bangkalan regency development. Leading commodities was acquired from food crops such as rice, corn, cassava, peanuts, sweet potatoes, soybeans, and green beans. Potential production of horticultural crops is also quite prominent. These include fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants. This regency possesses the potential for planting superior commodities or crops such as coconut, cashew nut, kapok, and areca nut. Bangkalan regency is one of rice producing districts in East Java. BPS Bangkalan regency notes that rice production in Bangkalan regency in 2013 is 132,901 Tonnes. In addition, BPS also noted that in 2015 the population of Bangkalan Regency is 954.305 people with growth rate 2014-2015 of 0.9% per year (BPS East Java, 2015). Based on BPS data, Bangkalan District outline condition was observed. To ensure the geographical monitoring of the area, satellite images data processing were taken directly from Landsat 8 using remote sensing method. The method produced geographical vegetation appearance. Landsat 8 satellite image data processing utilized Unsupervised Classification technique, which aims to classify division of element classes or t land cover types such as; Urban, water bodies, wetlands, etc. This method had obtained how land cover types in the concerned area. Wiradisastra and Noviar stated that satellite image data processing accuracy depends on UHVSHFWLYH UHYLHZHG UHJLRQ ¶V ILHOG FRQGLWLRQ DUHD DQG characteristics (Wiradisastra & Noviar, 2005). Another study stated image processing analysis accuracy is supported by the amount of cloud covering a study area (Hanindito, Tanaamah, & Papilaya, 2010 .

Image Conversion
Downloaded Landsat 8 satellite image is satellite images consisting of multiple bands of satellite sensor recordings. The image is are in* .tiff file extension and cannot be analyzed. Therefore image conversion was conducted to facilitate analysis process. The conversion was conducted by combining between several bands of an image in an appearance with * file extension. The following is a list of R G B sequences of band combinations in the available Landsat 8 Satellite Imagery:

Image Contrast Improvement
This process is done in order to obtain images possessing color quality similar to the original appearance on the earth surface and support the following image classification process. This process is aimed at providing a sharper coloring in an endeavor in enabling easier image

Image Cropping
Process on cropping study area images is conducted on this stage. This process aims to facilitate the analysis process by focusing study area by eliminating regions unused in research. This process was conducted by combining raster data (satellite image data) with data vector which is administrative data of Bangkalan Regency borders.

Image Classification
This process is a review of image appearance based on the visible phenomenon. The image is generated and analyzed using true color composite terminology or image appearance in accordance with its original appearance on earth surface. Classification process was conducted by distinguishing each color contained in the image. Figure 5 illustrations will illustrate the appearance of satellite imagery and its classification.

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This research produces categorized images, and determined vegetation classification contained in Bangkalan Regency, East Java. Figure 6 exhibits Landsat 8 satellite image data processing classification.