Identification of Dominant Plants in Forest Ecosystems in some Manado State University Land as Explorative Learning Reference

This study aims to determine the dominant plant species in forest ecosystems in several Unima lands and to explore scientific concepts and processes that will serve as references in the explorative learning process. This type of research is a type of exploratory research. The method used in this study is qualitative. The object in this study is the dominant plant in the forest ecosystem in several Unima fields. Based on the analysis of vegetation that has been carried out to determine the dominant plants in the forest ecosystem in the front of the Unima new workshop and the land at the bottom of the Unima Auditorium, the dominant plants are Bankruptcy (Spathodea campanulata), Forest Betel (Piper aduncum L), Nest Nest Asplenium nidus and Aren (Arenga pinnata Merr). After knowing the dominant plants, then the concept of science and the scientific process are formulated based on facts or phenomena about the dominant plant in the form of a matrix that will be used as a reference in explorative learning. Keywords— Plants, Vegetation Analysis, Explorative Research.


INTRODUCTION
Forests in general can be interpreted as an area that has a lot of dense plants which include trees, shrubs, ferns, grass, mushrooms, and so on and occupy a fairly large area. According to Law No. 41 of 1999 concerning forestry, the definition of forest is a unified ecosystem in the form of a landscape of land containing biological natural resources that are dominated by trees in a natural environment that cannot be separated from one another. Forests are one of the sources of life that protect the earth for the sake of the continuity of human life on earth, forests are also the lungs of the world with various types of plants in them that maintain the availability of oxygen on earth and absorb carbon dioxide (Rivilio, 2010).
Plants are one of the most abundant organisms in the forest in the form of trees, bushes, ferns, grass, and others. Plants have chlorophyll or leaf green substance which has a function as a medium for the photosynthesis process or making food. Not only food that it produces, but plants can also produce oxygen (O2) and convert carbon dioxide (CO2) produced by humans and animals into oxygen (O2) that can be used by other living things. (Ferdinand, 2009) The relationship between plants and forests and wildlife is very close. According to Rusdianan and Lubis (2012), a forest is an ecosystem unit that is closely related to natural processes that are interconnected between the components of the ecosystem. The ecosystem is an ecological system that is formed because of the mutual relationship that cannot be separated between living things and their environment. The ecosystem is a combination of each biosystem unit that involves a reciprocal relationship between organisms and the physical environment so that the flow of energy into certain biotic structures that cause the material cycle of organisms within organisms.
Manado State University (Unima) is one of the state universities located in the North Sulawesi Prevention and precisely on the Tonsaru Tataaran hill, Tondano. Unima is categorized as a green campus because the natural conditions around the Unima campus are still awake with lots of trees and forest as one of the potential assets for the sustainability and comfort of the campus in terms of knowledge, beauty, and the environment has not yet been fully developed, especially in the use of forests as a source of explorative learning. The surrounding environment or the natural environment can be used as a learning resource to develop the potential of students to find the causes of events around them and look for facts in the surrounding environment (Komalasari, 2013). Explorative learning is learning that emphasizes student activity and is thought to be able to improve students' understanding of communication skills. Explorative learning begins with understanding the problem, analyzing, making guesses, and then making conclusions. In exploratory learning, students are allowed to construct their knowledge by building their constructs, then looking for answers based on the ideas and facts learned. (Rohmat, 2017) Based on the above thinking, it is necessary to introduce the forest ecosystem as a source of exploratory learning, which is very important to understand the nature of forests and the diversity that is found in forests, especially for diverse plants. Researchers, in this case, will utilize plants that live in the forest ecosystem around the Unima campus as a reference to be used as a reference point in explorative learning, as well as discovering the science concept of certain plants that live in the forest ecosystem in several Unima fields. Based on the description above, the researcher will identify the dominant plants as a source of reference for explorative learning that will be packaged in the form of relationships of facts / natural phenomena that are around.

II. RESEARCH METHODS
This type of research is a type of exploratory research. According to Fathoni (2005), explorative research is a study that intends to conduct an assessment or introduction of certain symptoms. In this research, theoretical references are not needed and hypotheses are not yet used. Explorative research is a study by tracing, especially in stabilizing concepts that will be used in a wider scope of research with greater conceptual reach (Yusuf, 2017). The object in this study is the dominant plant. Data collection techniques used in this study are observation and documentation as well as instruments used in observation sheets and documentation sheets. Measurements made in this study use vegetation analysis techniques to determine the dominant plants in the forest ecosystem on the land. Forest vegetation analysis is a way to find out how large is the distribution of various species in an area through direct observation (Binari, 2011) III.

RESEARCH RESULT
Manado State University is located on the hill of Tonsaru Tondano, Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province, covering an area of 270 hectares with an altitude of 800 meters above sea level. On Manado State University Campus, there are 7 faculties scattered around Unima land with a considerable distance. Unima is categorized as a green campus because the natural conditions around the Unima campus are still awake with lots of trees and other plants. Due to the location of Unima in the hills, many species of plants live around the campus, so researchers are interested in making Unima land as a place of research and data collection on the dominant plants that exist around the Unima campus.

Explore Science Concepts and Processes
According to (Medellu, C. 2019) at the stage of exploring scientific concepts and processes there are five stages, namely: 1. Detailed observations of the phenomenon of componentscomponents that interact affect the phenomenon There are two fields used by researchers as research sites, the conditions in these two fields are different, the land in front of the Unima workshop building at the coordinates of 1 ° 16'08.11 "LU 124 ° 53'09.34" BT has a land condition that is not too sloping, there are various types plants and land cover plants and dense trees. While the land at the back of the Unima auditorium building has sloping land conditions, there are only a few species of vegetation and cover plants and trees that are not too dense.

Identifying variables influencing phenomena and relationships between variables based on scientific concepts and processes
The results of identification carried out by researchers on these two fields, the factors that affect plants are what can be seen are sunlight, water, and humidity, and factors that can be measured that affect plants are air temperature and soil pH. The instrument used to measure air temperature is the LM-8000 digital instruments and the instrument to measure soil pH is a 4 in 1 soil meter. These factors are very influential in the growth and development of plants both from seeds to mature plants.   Based on research that has been carried out on the forest ecosystem in the lower part of the Unima Auditorium, the results of the calculation of plant parameters in the lower area of the Unima Auditorium in the 20 m X 20 m plot are presented in the following table. The second land in this study is located at the bottom of the Unima Auditorium where the land is quite large, therefore a measurement of important value index (INP) is needed in this case on a tree stand with the same plot on the first land of 400 m2.  Sunlight is one important factor that plants need from seed to tree. The role of light for seeds is to warm the seeds so they don't rot in moist conditions. Spathodea campanulata has a cigar-like shape. When the fruit is dry the fruit will open and release thin seeds that have wings. Then the seeds will fly with the help of the wind until they reach the ground. Water and soil are also very important for the growth process of Spathodea campanulata both from seeds to trees. Seeds that have fallen on the ground will absorb water until the seeds increase in size and become soft. Water can be obtained from soil moisture or rainwater. After that, the seeds will continue to grow until they become a  is a monocot plant or has single seeded seeds? Seeds that are blown by the wind will fall on the ground; germination will occur if the seeds of Piper aducum L fall in a place that has enough water, sunlight, and oxygen. After the seeds have fallen  Vol-6, Issue-8, Aug-2020]  https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaems.68.1  ISSN: 2454-1311 www.ijaems.com Page | 363 into a proper place, there will be a process of imbibition in the seeds or the entry of water into the seed cells. After that, the plant organs will appear namely the root organs, leaves, and the tips of the stem or young shoots. Then it will continue to grow until it becomes an adult plant that already has flowers and is ready to reproduce.

Formulate concepts and networks of science process concepts based on the results of data analysis and references
The process is inseparable from the help of sunlight, water, and soil. leaf length 12-20 cm. The betel root system of the forest is a taproot.  (Soeseno, 1992). When the tree is still young the sugar palm tree has not been seen because it is covered by the base of the leaf midrib, when the lowest leaf has fallen, the trunk starts to appear. The surface Facts or phenomena are determined from the object of research, namely the dominant plants in each of these fields and the researcher determines the variables that affect the dominant plants. From the facts or phenomena and variables that have been determined are further explored into science concepts and science processes. The results of the exploration of concepts and scientific processes are then analyzed for synthesis through measurement or observation and reference analysis in the form of books, research results or journals, and related internet sources. Facts or phenomena are bankruptcy plants ( Spathodea campanulata ), forest betel ( Piper aducum L ), bird's nest nails ( Asplenium nidus ) and sugar palm ( Arenga pinnata ), variables that affect these plants, namely sunlight, wind, water, and soil, as well as the concepts of science could be found such as temperature, humidity, pH, tum classification harbor, plants morphology, how to breed plants and benefit of plants.

IV. CONCLUSION
Based on the results of research and discussion, it can be concluded: (2) From the results of the exploration of concepts and scientific processes in dominant plants and the synthesis analysis obtained, they have been used as a reference in the explorative learning process in the target student group. V.