Integration of TTF, UTAUT, and ITM for mobile Banking Adoption

The introduction of mobile banking facility has enabled customers to carry out banking transactionswith the use of smartphones and other handheld devices from anywhere. It has become a luxurious and exclusive method of online payments. The recent growth of telecommunication sector and a tremendous increase in mobile USAge has opened new doors for sparking future of banking sector industry. The following research is aimed to find out the mobile banking adoption attitudes with the integration of TTF, UTAUT,and ITM models.


INTRODUCTION
The outraging technological advancements have made this world a global village. Most of the nations are interacting across borders for their common set of objectives . In this scenario, the dependence on online sources for faster communication and liaison of multiple business features has become crucial and employee engagement based on services environment of an organization . Therefore, the financial transactions are being carried out through online sources domestically and worldwide (Hong, Thong, Chasalow, & Dhillon, 2011). Mobile banking is the latest phenomenon in a series of mobile technology advancements. Although the availability of ATM (Automated Teller Machine), internet and telephone banking offers a variety of swift delivery service channels for traditional banking products, mobile banking is rapidly growing as a newest delivery source in developed and underdeveloped countries simultaneously (Safeena, Date, Kammani, & Hundewale, 2012). The process of automation, simplification and task competency with the use of latest technology is a pivotal element for adoption behaviour in the modern era (Abbas S. K., Hassan, Asif, Junaid, & Zainab, 2018). The extensive use of smartphones has impelled banks, software houses, microfinance institutions, and telecommunication service providers to design a new set of applications and products to extend client reach with the provision of more customised services with enhanced efficiency and reliability (Shaikh & Karjaluoto, 2015). Similarly, the consumer credit market boosted its market share with the introduction of a variety of credit services through banks and other institutions (Abbas S. K., Hassan, Hashmi, & Waqar, 2018). Despite such benefits and task expectancy, the use of smartphones and personal digital assistants to conclude mobile banking transactions or to access financial information is relatively low as expected (Luarn & Lin, 2005). According to Juniper Research (2013), it was proposed that approximately one billion people will be expected to use mobile banking by 2017 whereas, the level represents only 15% and half of the mobile users are nonbanking users. There are many reasons which are account for low tendency including various types of financial, credit, and other risks associated with online transactions. Furthermore, the low-income level is also responsible for, especially in underdeveloped nations (Abbas S. K., Hassan

II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Mobile banking is known as SMS banking, electronic banking or agile banking (Vaidya, 2011). According to Zhou, Lu, & Wang (2010), mobile banking termed as phone banking is a mechanism in which banking customer can access his account information and perform online financial transactions with his internet-enabled smartphone or personal digital assistants (PDA's) by accessing bank's online server via wireless application protocol (WAP). Shaikh & Karjaluoto(2015), stated mobile banking was first introduced in 1990 by German company Paybox in collaboration with Deutsche Bank. At first, mobile banking was introduced and tested in European countries including Spain, Sweden, Germany, UK, and Austria. In developing countries, Kenya was the first one to introduce text-based mobile banking. Later on, it was dispersed all over the world.

III.
METHODOLOGY Mobile banking is quite a new emerging technological fit for the upcoming banking system. It came with several pros and cons of the system. So, initially, this study utilises the questionnaire to collect the data. A questionnaire used by (Abbas S. , Hassan, Iftikhar, & Waris, 2018) and (Oliveira,

International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS)
[ Vol-4, Issue-5, May-2018]  https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaems.4.5.6  ISSN: 2454- Data collected from the questionnaire tested for its normality. Normality condition is fulfilled. Cronbach's Alpha was also around 0.70 for all of the constructs. So, reliability condition is also full filled. Data contains the 67% male and 33% females. Ages of the respondents were between 18 to 40 years. The majority were between 25 to 35 years and male.

IV.
RESULTS Dependent variables were dichotomous, so binary logistic regression model is used for analysis. Following table represents the results.

V.
CONCLUSION Concluding the study results, it can be inferred that all three models TTF, UTAUT and ITM explains the mobile banking adoption in Pakistan UTAUT and ITM effects the intention to mobile banking adoption whereas TTF directly affects the mobile banking adoption. In the presentence of current results, it can understand that although UTAUT model is having stronger significance concerning Social influence the nature of significance and relation is same for both other models to mobile banking adoption. In Pakistan, Mobile banking adoption along with all other pros and cons are working and having scope to enhance its productivity. Technological aspect can be modified and can be a strong significant part later with the enhancement of technology. Whereas, Trust factor provides a very important role. Initially, people will trust mobile banking so that mobile banking can be enhanced. It could widen the base of mobile banking users in a very significant way. But Govt. and all other regularity authorises required to spread the mobile banking phenomenon through seminars and awareness schemes. So, their investment could get productivity level. This study is having the implications for regularity authorities, Mobile banking providers and Mobile banking users. Moreover, future researchers could develop a unique mechanism with timing, venality and political instability