Research Progress on Liquid-Cooled Thermal Management Systems for Lithium-Ion Batteries: From Single-Cooling to Multi-Strategy Coordination

( Vol-12,Issue-3,May - June 2026 )

Author(s): Yu-Jian Mai, Yan-Zuo Chang, Guo-Dong He, Hong-Fang Zhong, Jun-Jie Mo, Zi-Tao Li, Shuai-Kang Xie, Zhi-Ming Jiao, Xiang-Xiang Zhang

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Page No: 354-363
DOI: 10.22161/ijaems.123.33

Keywords:

biomimetic flow channels, liquid cooling, lithium-ion battery, thermal management, topological optimization

Abstract:

The thermal management system of lithium-ion batteries is a critical factor affecting the safety and driving range of new energy vehicles. With its high heat transfer efficiency and strong adaptability, liquid cooling technology has gradually become the mainstream solution for battery thermal management systems. This paper systematically reviews the development of liquid-cooled thermal management for lithium-ion batteries, tracing the technological evolution from single-cooling techniques to “liquid cooling–phase change material coupling” and “biomimetic flow channel collaborative optimization.” Based on an investigation of battery heat generation mechanisms and thermal management objectives, the paper highlights the limitations of traditional liquid cooling plate designs and analyzes the advantages and shortcomings of composite systems combining phase-change materials with liquid cooling. It further discusses the performance improvements achieved through topological optimization and biomimetic flow channel design. Research indicates that multi-strategy coordination and intelligent control represent the inevitable future direction for lithium-ion battery thermal management systems. However, challenges such as large-scale manufacturing, long-term operational stability, and lifecycle cost control remain core issues that must be addressed before industrialization.

Received: 03 May 2026; Received in revised form: 29 May 2026; Accepted: 04 Jun 2026; Available online: 07 Jun 2026

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